The role of silicon in the development of complex crystal shapes in coccolithophores.
The role of silicon in the development of complex crystal shapes in coccolithophores.
复制标题
硅在球石藻复杂晶体形状发育中的作用。
作者：
G. Langer;Alison R. Taylor;C. Walker;Erin M. Meyer;Oz Ben Joseph;Assaf Gal;G. Harper;I. Probert;C. Brownlee;Glen L. Wheeler
颗石藻钙化的发展对海洋碳循环产生了深远的影响，但导致这些复杂生物矿化结构形成的进化步骤尚不清楚。由复杂形状的方解石晶体组成的异球石在二倍体生命周期阶段的细胞内形成。由简单的菱形晶体组成的全球石可以由单倍体生命周期阶段产生，但被认为是在细胞外形成的，代表了钙化的独立进化起源。我们使用先进的显微镜技术，以确定颗石的形成和复杂的晶体形成的颗石生命周期阶段的性质。我们发现，holocococoliths形成在细胞内隔室以类似的方式，以heterococoliths。然而，我们发现，硅是不需要的holocococcolith形成和硅的要求在某些coccolithophore物种具体涉及到的过程中的晶体形态在heterococoliths。因此，我们提出了一个进化的方案，其中较低的复杂性holocococoliths代表的钙化的coccolithophores的祖先形式。随后的招聘硅依赖的机制，晶体形态发生在二倍体生命周期阶段，导致了复杂形状的heterococoliths的出现，使精心制作的coccosphere的形成，巩固了生态成功的颗石藻。
The development of calcification by the coccolithophores had a profound impact on ocean carbon cycling, but the evolutionary steps leading to the formation of these complex biomineralised structures are not clear. Heterococcoliths consisting of intricately-shaped calcite crystals are formed intracellularly by the diploid life cycle phase. Holococcoliths consisting of simple rhombic crystals can be produced by the haploid life cycle stage but are thought to be formed extracellularly representing an independent evolutionary origin of calcification. We use advanced microscopy techniques to determine the nature of coccolith formation and complex crystal formation in coccolithophore life cycle stages. We find that holococcoliths are formed in intracellular compartments in a similar manner to heterococcoliths. However, we show that silicon is not required for holococcolith formation and that the requirement for silicon in certain coccolithophore species relates specifically to the process of crystal morphogenesis in heterococcoliths. We therefore propose an evolutionary scheme in which the lower complexity holococcoliths represent an ancestral form of calcification in coccolithophores. The subsequent recruitment of a silicon-dependent mechanism for crystal morphogenesis in the diploid life cycle stage led to the emergence of the intricately-shaped heterococcoliths, enabling the formation of the elaborate coccospheres that underpin the ecological success of coccolithophores.
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DOI：
10.1111/nph.15272
发表时间：
2018-10
期刊：
The New phytologist
影响因子：
--
作者：
Walker CE;Taylor AR;Langer G;Durak GM;Heath S;Probert I;Tyrrell T;Brownlee C;Wheeler GL
通讯作者：
Wheeler GL
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Fox, Emily;Meyer, Erin;Taylor, Alison R.
通讯作者：
Taylor, Alison R.
DOI：
10.1002/advs.201700088
发表时间：
2017-10
期刊：
Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Gal A;Sviben S;Wirth R;Schreiber A;Lassalle-Kaiser B;Faivre D;Scheffel A
通讯作者：
Scheffel A
影响因子：
9.7
作者：
Jaya, B. N.;Hoffmann, R.;Langer, G.
通讯作者：
Langer, G.
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Mackinder, Luke;Wheeler, Glen;Brownlee, Colin
通讯作者：
Brownlee, Colin