Global intraurban intake fractions for primary air pollutants from vehicles and other distributed sources.

Global intraurban intake fractions for primary air pollutants from vehicles and other distributed sources.
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DOI:
10.1021/es204021h
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发表时间:
2012-03-20
影响因子:
11.4
通讯作者:
Nazaroff, William W.
Nazaroff, William W.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Apte, Joshua S.;Bombrun, Emilie;Marshall, Julian D.;Nazaroff, William W.

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我们为所有3,646个居民超过100 000的全球城市中分布的地面排放建立了城市内吸入分数(IF)值的模型,这些城市的总人口为20亿。对于保守的主要污染物,如果数值分别为26、39和14-52 ppm,则为人口加权中位数、平均值和四分位数范围,其中1 ppm表示1克吸入/吨排放。如果这里报告的全球城市平均数,大约是之前对美国和欧洲城市估计的两倍。由于人口规模、人口密度和气象条件的不同,不同城市的摄入量有所不同。对于人口大于3、0.6-3和0.1-60万的城市,按大小排序,人口加权平均值分别为65ppm、35ppm和15ppm。全球20个特大城市(每个都有1000万人口)的人口加权平均IF为83ppm。平均市内IF值在亚洲最高,在土地丰富的高收入地区最低。国家-城市人口最多的10个国家的平均IF值相差3倍。
We model intraurban intake fraction (iF) values for distributed ground-level emissions in all 3646 global cities with more than 100 000 inhabitants, encompassing a total population of 2.0 billion. For conserved primary pollutants, population-weighted median, mean, and interquartile range iF values are 26, 39, and 14–52 ppm, respectively, where 1 ppm signifies 1 g inhaled/t emitted. The global mean urban iF reported here is roughly twice as large as previous estimates for cities in the United States and Europe. Intake fractions vary among cities owing to differences in population size, population density, and meteorology. Sorting by size, population-weighted mean iF values are 65, 35, and 15 ppm, respectively, for cities with populations larger than 3, 0.6–3, and 0.1–0.6 million. The 20 worldwide megacities (each >10 million people) have a population-weighted mean iF of 83 ppm. Mean intraurban iF values are greatest in Asia and lowest in land-rich high-income regions. Country-average iF values vary by a factor of 3 among the 10 nations with the largest urban populations.
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