Single cell biotechnology to shed a light on biological 'dark matter' in nature.

Single cell biotechnology to shed a light on biological 'dark matter' in nature.
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DOI:
10.1111/1751-7915.12249
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发表时间:
2015-01
影响因子:
5.7
通讯作者:
Xu J
Xu J
中科院分区:
工程技术2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Huang WE;Song Y;Xu J

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据估计,超过99%的微生物尚未被培养(惠特曼等人,1998年)。这些未培养的微生物是微生物世界的“暗物质”,在自然生态系统和人类微生物组中发挥重要作用(Lagier等人,2012; Rinke等人,2013年);然而,它们的生态作用和功能在很大程度上仍然难以捉摸(Lasken,2012年; Li等人,2012 a,B)。此外,这些未培养的细菌代表了一种重要的、但在很大程度上尚未开发的遗传资源,其用于合成生物学以提供新的生物部件或生物砖,用于新药生物合成的医学,用于稳健的生物催化剂和生物燃料合成的工业,以及用于新的生物降解基因的环境生物修复。并直接对其进行测序(Handelsman,2004),这种方法揭示了微生物群落多样性和复杂性的前所未有的观点。然而,这些方法通常无法定义或验证通常复杂的微生物群中单个成员的特定作用。单细胞生物技术是一个接一个地表征原生微生物群中的微生物细胞,为研究未培养细菌提供了一种新的方法。一个理想的平台是将准确和“无污染”的单细胞分选工具与强大的下一代DNA测序相结合。这将迎来
It is estimated that over 99% of microorganisms have not as yet been cultivated (Whitman et al., 1998). These uncultured microbes are the ‘dark matter’of the microbiological world and play important roles in natural ecosystems and the human microbiome (Lagier et al., 2012; Rinke et al., 2013); however, their ecological role and function remain largely elusive (Lasken, 2012; Li et al., 2012a, b). Furthermore, these uncultured bacteria represent a significant, yet largely untapped, genetic resource for use in synthetic biology for the provision of novel bioparts or biobricks, in medicine for new drug biosynthesis, in industry for robust biocatalysts and biofuel synthesis, and in environmental bioremediation for new biodegradation genes.Metagenomics circumvents the cultivation issue by extracting the total DNA from an environmental sample, and directly sequencing it (Handelsman, 2004), and this approach has revealed an unprecedented view of the diversity and complexity of microbial communities. However, such approaches are usually unable to define or validate the specific role of individual members of the usually complex microbiota. Single cell biotechnology, which characterizes microbial cells in their native microbiota one by one, offers a new approach to study uncultured bacteria. An ideal platform is to integrate accurate and ‘contamination-free’single cell sorting tools with powerful next-generation DNA sequencing. This will usher
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