Pattern Unifies Autism.
Pattern Unifies Autism.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyt.2021.621659
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Crespi B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crespi B
自闭症在基因和表型上都是高度异质性的。这种病因和表现的多样性阻碍了其定义、识别、评估和治疗。目前自闭症的诊断标准涉及两个领域，即限制兴趣和重复行为（RRBs）和社会缺陷，两者之间的关系尚不清楚。我认为，与自闭症相关的大量特征可以在“模式”这个单一的标题下有效地概念化，这个术语将自闭症与基本的大脑和认知功能联系起来，并在一个单一的理论框架内构建其表型。因此，自闭症涉及模式感知、模式识别、模式维持、模式生成、模式处理和模式寻找的增加和增强。与模式相关的感知和认知的增加和不平衡是RRBs的主要原因，社会变化部分是由于社会交往中缺乏明确的模式，同时RRBs对社会发展的干扰。这一框架对社会和非社会自闭症相关特征的评估、个性化治疗和研究重点具有重要意义。
Autism is a highly heterogeneous condition, genetically and phenotypically. This diversity of causation and presentation has impeded its definition, recognition, assessment, and treatment. Current diagnostic criteria for autism involve two domains, restricted interests and repetitive behavior (RRBs) and social deficits, whose relationship remains unclear. I suggest that the large suite of traits associated with autism can be usefully conceptualized under the single rubric of “pattern,” a term that connects autism with basic brain and cognitive functions and structures its phenotypes within a single theoretical framework. Autism thus involves increases and enhancements to pattern perception, pattern recognition, pattern maintenance, pattern generation, pattern processing, and pattern seeking. RRBs result from increased and imbalanced pattern-related perception and cognition, and social alterations result in part from the usual lack of clear pattern in social interactions, combined with the interference of RRBs with social development. This framework has strong implications for assessment of social and non-social autism-related traits, personalized therapy, and priorities for research.
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