HIV-1 intron-containing RNA expression induces innate immune activation and T cell dysfunction.

HIV-1 intron-containing RNA expression induces innate immune activation and T cell dysfunction.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-018-05899-7
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发表时间:
2018-08-27
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Gummuluru S
Gummuluru S
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Akiyama H;Miller CM;Ettinger CR;Belkina AC;Snyder-Cappione JE;Gummuluru S

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Low levels of type I interferon (IFN-I) are thought to be a driving force for immune activation and T-cell exhaustion in HIV-1 infected individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), though the causative mechanisms for persistent IFN-I signaling have remained unclear. Here, we show Rev–CRM1-dependent nuclear export and peripheral membrane association of intron-containing HIV-1 RNA, independent of primary viral sequence or viral protein expression, is subject to sensing and signaling via MAVS, resulting in IFN-I-dependent pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages. Additionally, HIV-1 intron-containing-RNA-induced innate immune activation of macrophages leads to upregulation of inhibitory receptor expression and functional immune exhaustion of co-cultured T cells. Our findings suggest that persistent expression of HIV-1 intron-containing RNA in macrophages contributes to chronic immune activation and T-cell dysfunction and that use of HIV RNA expression inhibitors as adjunct therapy might abrogate aberrant inflammation and restore immune function in HIV-infected individuals on cART. Type I Interferon is thought to be a driving force for immune activation and T cell exhaustion during HIV infection. Here the authors show that intron-containing HIV RNA induces innate immune activation resulting in associated T cell dysfunction.
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