The Monty Hall dilemma in pigeons: effect of investment in initial choice.
The Monty Hall dilemma in pigeons: effect of investment in initial choice.
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DOI：
10.3758/s13423-013-0403-6
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发表时间：
2013-10
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Zentall TR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stagner JP;Rayburn-Reeves R;Zentall TR
在蒙提霍尔困境中，人类最初有三个选择，其中一个有一个隐藏的奖品。在选择之后，但在显示他们是否获奖之前，他们会看到剩下的选择之一没有获奖，并询问他们是否愿意保留原来的选择或切换到剩下的选择。虽然切换的结果是获得奖金的三分之二的时间，人类始终未能采取最佳的战略切换，即使经过相当多的培训。有趣的是，有证据表明鸽子在这项任务中表现出比人类更佳的切换性能。因为人类通常认为，即使是已经做出的随机选择也比没有做出的选择更有价值，我们推断，如果鸽子做出更大的投资，它可能会产生禀赋或所有权效应，从而导致更像人类的次优表现。另一方面，鸽子在最初选择上的更多投资可能会帮助它们更好地区分自己的停留行为和转换行为，从而促进转换行为。在实验1中，我们研究了要求鸽子在最初的选择中做出更大的投资（20啄而不是通常的1啄）的影响。我们发现，增加的响应要求促进收购的开关响应。在实验2中，我们表明，由于增加的响应要求，开关的便利化并没有导致灭绝的响应最初选择的位置。
In the Monty Hall dilemma, humans are initially given a choice among three alternatives, one of which has a hidden prize. After choosing, but before it is revealed whether they have won the prize, they are shown that one of the remaining alternatives does not have the prize, and they are asked whether they want to stay with their original choice or switch to the remaining alternative. Although switching results in obtaining the prize two thirds of the time, humans consistently fail to adopt the optimal strategy of switching even after considerable training. Interestingly, there is evidence that pigeons show more optimal switching performance with this task than humans. Because humans often view even random choices already made as being more valuable than choices not made, we reasoned that if pigeons made a greater investment, it might produce an endowment or ownership effect resulting in more human-like suboptimal performance. On the other hand, the greater investment in the initial choice by the pigeons might facilitate switching behavior by helping them to better discriminate their staying versus switching behavior. In Experiment 1, we examined the effect of requiring pigeons to make a greater investment in their initial choice (20 pecks rather than the usual 1 peck). We found that the increased response requirement facilitated acquisition of the switching response. In Experiment 2, we showed that facilitation of switching due to the increased response requirement did not result from extinction of responding to the initially chosen location.
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影响因子：
--
作者：
SHIMP, CP
通讯作者：
SHIMP, CP
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
THALER, R
通讯作者：
THALER, R
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
Dorr, N
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
22.4
作者：
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通讯作者：
Ayton, P