The vice of biosecurity: tightening restrictions on life to counter avian influenza in Japan
The vice of biosecurity: tightening restrictions on life to counter avian influenza in Japan
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生物安全的恶习：日本收紧生活限制以应对禽流感
DOI：
10.1080/21622671.2021.1993986
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Schrager Benjamin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shah Parita;Iwata Yusuke;Brown Eric E.;Kim Julia;Sanches Marcos;Takeuchi Hiroyoshi;Nakajima Shinichiro;Hahn Margaret;Remington Gary;Gerretsen Philip;Graff-Guerrero Ariel;Schrager Benjamin
禽流感的爆发跨越了政治边界，而候鸟常常被当作该疾病的传播媒介。本文发展了生物安全的缺点，以解释传统生物安全倾向于敦促对生命进行更大的限制，这些限制被证明是难以逆转的，有时会增加新出现的传染病带来的风险。本文以日本禽流感为例，分析了禽流感的出现和生物安全应对措施。禽流感造成了一种独特的疾病生态，官员们试图通过加强日本/外国领土、养殖/野生鸟类和健康/受感染生物之间的边界来控制这种生态。由于最初的应对措施受到严厉批评，日本政府制定了快速检测和扑杀受感染农场鸡的方案。禽流感疫情最严重的季节发生在2020 - 2021年冬季，恰逢2019冠状病毒病大流行。通过生物安全的弊端，本文提请注意生物安全措施不断收紧的问题动态，作为向一套更能接受生命的动态性、多样性和流动性的生物安全实践转变的第一步。
Outbreaks of avian influenza spread across political boundaries, and migratory birds are often scapegoated as vectors for the disease. This paper develops the vice of biosecurity to explain the tendency for conventional biosecurity to urge for greater restrictions on life that prove difficult to reverse and at times hazard increasing the risks arising from emerging infectious diseases. Drawing on a case study of avian influenza in Japan, this paper analyses the emergence of avian influenza and biosecurity responses to this disease. Avian influenza enacts a unique disease ecology that officials attempt to control by enforcing borders between Japanese/foreign territory, farmed/wild birds and healthy/infected life. Since facing heavy criticism for its initial responses, the Japanese state developed protocols for the swift testing and culling of chickens at infected farms. The worst season for avian influenza outbreaks occurred in the winter of 2020–21, which coincided with the Covid-19 pandemic. Through the vice of biosecurity, this paper draws attention to the problematic dynamic through which biosecurity measures are continually tightened as a first step in shifting towards a set of a biosecurity practices that are more accepting of the dynamism, diversity and mobility of life.
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