Plugging the attention deficit: perceptual load counters increased distraction in ADHD.
Plugging the attention deficit: perceptual load counters increased distraction in ADHD.
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DOI：
10.1037/neu0000020
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发表时间：
2014-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Lavie, Nilli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Forster, Sophie;Robertson, David J.;Jennings, Alistair;Asherson, Philip;Lavie, Nilli
目的：注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 的一个关键症状是容易受到外界干扰，这可能会造成特别具有破坏性的后果。在这里，我们应用注意力负载理论来增加对这种症状的理解，并探索改善它的潜在方法。先前针对非临床人群的研究强调，增加知觉负荷是提高集中注意力和避免分心能力的一种手段。本研究探讨了患有多动症的成年人是否也可以从高知觉负荷的条件中受益，以提高他们的注意力集中能力。方法：我们对患有 ADHD 的成年人以及年龄和智商匹配的对照组进行了测试，测试了一种新的衡量负荷下不相关分心的方法，该方法旨在与 ADHD 症状的分心形式相似。在字母搜索任务中，感知负荷根据搜索集大小而变化，参与者被要求忽略不常出现的显着但完全不相关的干扰因素（卡通人物的彩色图像）（试验的 10%）。结果：与对照组相比，这些干扰因素的存在对患有 ADHD 的成人的搜索 RT 产生了显着更大的干扰效应，p = .005，ηp2 = .231。然而，感知负荷显着减少了 ADHD 组的分心物干扰，并且在减少 ADHD 组中较高的分心物干扰方面与对照组一样有效。结论：这些发现阐明了注意力缺陷多动症注意力缺陷的本质，并展示了克服它的切实方法。
Objective: Increased vulnerability to extraneous distraction is a key symptom of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), which may have particularly disruptive consequences. Here we apply Load Theory of attention to increase understanding of this symptom, and to explore a potential method for ameliorating it. Previous research in nonclinical populations has highlighted increased perceptual load as a means of improving the ability to focus attention and avoid distraction. The present study examines whether adults with ADHD can also benefit from conditions of high perceptual load to improve their focused attention abilities. Method: We tested adults with ADHD and age- and IQ-matched controls on a novel measure of irrelevant distraction under load, designed to parallel the form of distraction that is symptomatic of ADHD. During a letter search task, in which perceptual load was varied through search set size, participants were required to ignore salient yet entirely irrelevant distractors (colorful images of cartoon characters) presented infrequently (10% of trials). Results: The presence of these distractors produced a significantly greater interference effect on the search RTs for the adults with ADHD compared with controls, p = .005, ηp2 = .231. Perceptual load, however, significantly reduced distractor interference for the ADHD group and was as effective in reducing the elevated distractor interference in ADHD as it was for controls. Conclusions: These findings clarify the nature of the attention deficit underlying increased distraction in ADHD, and demonstrate a tangible method for overcoming it.
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DOI：
10.1037/1076-898x.14.1.73
发表时间：
2008-03
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Applied
影响因子：
--
作者：
Forster S;Lavie N
通讯作者：
Lavie N
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Asherson, Philip
通讯作者：
Asherson, Philip
影响因子：
4
作者：
Huang-Pollock, CL;Carr, TH;Nigg, JT
通讯作者：
Nigg, JT
影响因子：
10.6
作者：
Klein, Christoph;Wendling, Katharina;Peper, Martin
通讯作者：
Peper, Martin
DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.00410.x
发表时间：
2005-11-01
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Huang-Pollock, CL;Nigg, JT;Carr, TH
通讯作者：
Carr, TH