Overconsumption of Energy and Excessive Discretionary Food Intake Inflates Dietary Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Australia.
Overconsumption of Energy and Excessive Discretionary Food Intake Inflates Dietary Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Australia.
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DOI：
10.3390/nu8110690
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发表时间：
2016-10-31
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Noakes M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hendrie GA;Baird D;Ridoutt B;Hadjikakou M;Noakes M
人口饮食指南已经开始包括关于食物选择对环境的影响的信息，但还需要更多可量化的证据，特别是关于与非必需品相关的影响的证据。本文利用2011-2012年澳大利亚健康调查的食物摄入量数据和一个高度细分的投入产出模型来估计澳大利亚人饮食摄入量的温室气体排放量，并比较当前饮食质量和温室气体排放量与推荐饮食的不同模式。男性和女性的平均日平均膳食GHGe分别为18.72±12.06和13.73±8.72 kg CO2e。总能量与GHGe的相关系数为r=0.54p<；0.001。核心食品占68.4%，非必需食品占29.4%。在核心食品中，鲜肉和替代品(33.9%)是最大的贡献者。对当前饮食模式的模拟表明，与推荐饮食相比，在平均饮食中，非必需食品对温室气体排放的贡献高出121%，而在“低质量、高温室气体排放”饮食中，可自由支配食品对温室气体排放的贡献高出307%。减少可自由支配的食物摄入量将允许核心食物(特别是蔬菜、乳制品和谷物)的排放量小幅增加，从而在几乎没有环境代价的情况下提供营养益处。倡导健康饮食、满足个人能量需求的饮食和改善饮食质量的公共卫生信息也将有助于降低温室气体排放。
Population dietary guidelines have started to include information about the environmental impacts of food choices, but more quantifiable evidence is needed, particularly about the impacts associated with discretionary foods. This paper utilised the 2011–2012 Australian Health Survey food intake data along with a highly disaggregated input–output model to estimate the greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe) of Australians’ dietary intake, and compare current patterns of eating which vary in diet quality and GHGe to the recommended diet. The average dietary GHGe were 18.72 ± 12.06 and 13.73 ± 8.72 kg CO2e/day for male and female adults, respectively. The correlation between total energy and GHGe was r = 0.54 (p < 0.001). Core foods contributed 68.4% and discretionary foods 29.4%. Within core foods, fresh meat and alternatives (33.9%) was the greatest contributor. The modelling of current dietary patterns showed the contribution of discretionary foods to GHGe was 121% greater in the average diet and 307% greater in the “lower quality, higher GHGe” diet compared to the recommended diet. Reducing discretionary food intake would allow for small increases in emissions from core foods (in particular vegetables, dairy and grains), thereby providing a nutritional benefit at little environmental expense. Public health messages that promote healthy eating, eating to one’s energy needs and improved diet quality will also contribute to lowering GHGe.
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