Prospects for durable immune control of SARS-CoV-2 and prevention of reinfection.

Prospects for durable immune control of SARS-CoV-2 and prevention of reinfection.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41577-021-00550-x
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发表时间:
2021-06
期刊:
Nature reviews. Immunology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Davenport MP
Davenport MP
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cromer D;Juno JA;Khoury D;Reynaldi A;Wheatley AK;Kent SJ;Davenport MP

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对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)感染的免疫是长期控制当前大流行的核心。尽管我们对SARS-CoV-2的免疫记忆的知识迅速发展,但了解这些反应如何转化为对个体和群体水平的再感染的保护仍然是一个重大挑战。感染后或接种疫苗后的理想结果是高度保护性和持久的免疫力,从而建立高水平的群体免疫力。然而,目前的研究表明,康复期患者的中和抗体反应衰减,记录的SARS-CoV-2再感染病例正在增加。了解对SARS-CoV-2的记忆反应动力学和免疫控制机制对于合理设计和部署疫苗以及了解大流行未来可能的轨迹至关重要。在这里,我们总结了我们目前对SARS-CoV-2的免疫反应和免疫控制的理解,以及预防再感染的意义。目前尚不清楚既往感染对2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的免疫力持续时间和再感染的长期风险。Cromer及其同事讨论了严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)感染的免疫控制及其对未来大流行控制的意义。
Immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is central to long-term control of the current pandemic. Despite our rapidly advancing knowledge of immune memory to SARS-CoV-2, understanding how these responses translate into protection against reinfection at both the individual and population levels remains a major challenge. An ideal outcome following infection or after vaccination would be a highly protective and durable immunity that allows for the establishment of high levels of population immunity. However, current studies suggest a decay of neutralizing antibody responses in convalescent patients, and documented cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection are increasing. Understanding the dynamics of memory responses to SARS-CoV-2 and the mechanisms of immune control are crucial for the rational design and deployment of vaccines and for understanding the possible future trajectories of the pandemic. Here, we summarize our current understanding of immune responses to and immune control of SARS-CoV-2 and the implications for prevention of reinfection. The duration of immunity to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from prior infection and longer-term risk of reinfection are currently unclear. Cromer and colleagues discuss the immune control of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the implications of this for the future control of the pandemic.
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