Neural stages of spoken, written, and signed word processing in beginning second language learners.
Neural stages of spoken, written, and signed word processing in beginning second language learners.
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在开始的第二语言学习者中，口语，书面和签名文字处理的神经阶段。
DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2013.00322
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Halgren E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leonard MK;Ferjan Ramirez N;Torres C;Hatrak M;Mayberry RI;Halgren E
我们结合脑磁图（MEG）和磁共振成像（MRI）来研究感觉模态、语言类型和语言能力在文字处理的两个基本阶段是如何相互作用的：（1）早期的文字编码阶段，（2）后期的超模态词汇语义阶段。正在学习美国手语（ASL）的成年英语母语者进行了口语和书面英语单词以及ASL符号的语义任务。在早期时间窗内，书面文字在左侧腹侧枕颞叶皮层诱发反应，而口头文字在左侧上级颞叶皮层诱发反应。签署的话引起的活动在右侧顶内沟，是略大于书面文字。在后来的时间窗口，所有这三种类型的话都表现出显着的活动，在经典的左额颞语言网络，这种活动的第一个演示在个人如此之少的第二语言（L2）指令的迹象。此外，语义一致性的影响和整体的MEG反应幅度ASL反应之间的分离建议浅，更努力的处理，大概反映新手L2学习。与以往对口语中非优势语言处理的研究一致，第二语言学习者也表现出右半球和外侧枕叶皮层的募集。这些结果表明，后期的词汇语义处理利用一个共同的基板，独立的模态，在手语的熟练程度的影响是可比的口语。
We combined magnetoencephalography (MEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine how sensory modality, language type, and language proficiency interact during two fundamental stages of word processing: (1) an early word encoding stage, and (2) a later supramodal lexico-semantic stage. Adult native English speakers who were learning American Sign Language (ASL) performed a semantic task for spoken and written English words, and ASL signs. During the early time window, written words evoked responses in left ventral occipitotemporal cortex, and spoken words in left superior temporal cortex. Signed words evoked activity in right intraparietal sulcus that was marginally greater than for written words. During the later time window, all three types of words showed significant activity in the classical left fronto-temporal language network, the first demonstration of such activity in individuals with so little second language (L2) instruction in sign. In addition, a dissociation between semantic congruity effects and overall MEG response magnitude for ASL responses suggested shallower and more effortful processing, presumably reflecting novice L2 learning. Consistent with previous research on non-dominant language processing in spoken languages, the L2 ASL learners also showed recruitment of right hemisphere and lateral occipital cortex. These results demonstrate that late lexico-semantic processing utilizes a common substrate, independent of modality, and that proficiency effects in sign language are comparable to those in spoken language.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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