Exposure to Animal Feces and Human Health: A Systematic Review and Proposed Research Priorities.
Exposure to Animal Feces and Human Health: A Systematic Review and Proposed Research Priorities.
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.7b02811
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发表时间：
2017-10-17
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Freeman MC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Penakalapati G;Swarthout J;Delahoy MJ;McAliley L;Wodnik B;Levy K;Freeman MC
人类可能接触到管理不善的动物粪便中的病原体，特别是在动物与人类生活得很近的社区。本系统综述了同行评议文献和灰色文献，研究了在家庭牲畜、小规模动物经营和自由漫游动物普遍存在的低收入和中等收入国家中，通过与水、环境卫生和个人卫生（WASH）相关的途径接触管理不善的动物粪便对人类健康的影响。我们确定了动物粪便污染的途径，减少人类接触的控制措施，并提出了进一步调查的研究重点。接触动物粪便与腹泻、土壤传播的蠕虫感染、沙眼、环境性肠功能障碍和生长迟缓有关。很少有研究评估控制措施，但干预措施包括减少与动物同居，提供动物粪便勺，控制动物运动，创造安全的儿童空间，改善兽医护理和促进卫生。未来的研究应评估：与动物粪便接触点相关的行为；动物粪便污染食品；动物粪便管理的文化行为；与接触动物粪便有关的急性和慢性健康风险；以及影响动物粪便致病菌浓度和脱落率的因素。
Humans can be exposed to pathogens from poorly managed animal feces, particularly in communities where animals live in close proximity to humans. This systematic review of peer-reviewed and gray literature examines the human health impacts of exposure to poorly managed animal feces transmitted via water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related pathways in low- and middle-income countries, where household livestock, small-scale animal operations, and free-roaming animals are common. We identify routes of contamination by animal feces, control measures to reduce human exposure, and propose research priorities for further inquiry. Exposure to animal feces has been associated with diarrhea, soil-transmitted helminth infection, trachoma, environmental enteric dysfunction, and growth faltering. Few studies have evaluated control measures, but interventions include reducing cohabitation with animals, provision of animal feces scoops, controlling animal movement, creating safe child spaces, improving veterinary care, and hygiene promotion. Future research should evaluate: behaviors related to points of contact with animal feces; animal fecal contamination of food; cultural behaviors of animal fecal management; acute and chronic health risks associated with exposure to animal feces; and factors influencing concentrations and shedding rates of pathogens originating from animal feces.
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