D-DOPA Is a Potent, Orally Bioavailable, Allosteric Inhibitor of Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II.

D-DOPA Is a Potent, Orally Bioavailable, Allosteric Inhibitor of Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II.
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DOI:
10.3390/pharmaceutics14102018
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发表时间:
2022-09-23
期刊:
影响因子:
5.4
通讯作者:
Rais R
Rais R
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gori SS;Thomas AG;Pal A;Wiseman R;Ferraris DV;Gao RD;Wu Y;Alt J;Tsukamoto T;Slusher BS;Rais R

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谷氨酸羧肽酶-II(GCPII)是一种锌依赖性金属酶,与许多神经系统疾病有关。活性位点GCPII抑制剂的药效学要求使它们带高电荷,表现出较差的药代动力学(PK)特性。在此,我们描述了儿茶酚类抑制剂的发现和表征,包括L-DOPA,D-DOPA和咖啡酸,具有亚微摩尔效力。其中,D-DOPA是最有前途的化合物,具有良好的代谢稳定性和优异的PK特性。口服D-DOPA产生高血浆暴露(AUC血浆= 72.7 nmol·h/mL)和47.7%的绝对口服生物利用度。不幸的是,D-DOPA脑暴露较低,AUC脑= 2.42 nmol/g,AUC脑/血浆比为0.03。鉴于D-DOPA通过D-氨基酸氧化酶(DAAO)异构转化为L-DOPA的报道,我们评估了D-DOPA与DAAO抑制剂苯甲酸钠联合使用的PK,并观察到血浆和脑暴露增加>200%(AUC血浆= 185 nmol·h/mL; AUC脑= 5.48 nmol·h/g)。此外,我们证明了GCPII靶向接合;口服D-DOPA与或不与苯甲酸钠引起GCPII活性的显著抑制。最后,抑制模式的研究表明,D-多巴是一种非竞争性的,变构抑制剂的GCPII。据我们所知,这是D-DOPA作为GCPII抑制的独特支架的第一份报告,为未来优化以获得临床可行的候选物奠定了基础。
Glutamate carboxypeptidase-II (GCPII) is a zinc-dependent metalloenzyme implicated in numerous neurological disorders. The pharmacophoric requirements of active-site GCPII inhibitors makes them highly charged, manifesting poor pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. Herein, we describe the discovery and characterization of catechol-based inhibitors including L-DOPA, D-DOPA, and caffeic acid, with sub-micromolar potencies. Of these, D-DOPA emerged as the most promising compound, with good metabolic stability, and excellent PK properties. Orally administered D-DOPA yielded high plasma exposures (AUCplasma = 72.7 nmol·h/mL) and an absolute oral bioavailability of 47.7%. Unfortunately, D-DOPA brain exposures were low with AUCbrain = 2.42 nmol/g and AUCbrain/plasma ratio of 0.03. Given reports of isomeric inversion of D-DOPA to L-DOPA via D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO), we evaluated D-DOPA PK in combination with the DAAO inhibitor sodium benzoate and observed a >200% enhancement in both plasma and brain exposures (AUCplasma = 185 nmol·h/mL; AUCbrain = 5.48 nmol·h/g). Further, we demonstrated GCPII target engagement; orally administered D-DOPA with or without sodium benzoate caused significant inhibition of GCPII activity. Lastly, mode of inhibition studies revealed D-DOPA to be a noncompetitive, allosteric inhibitor of GCPII. To our knowledge, this is the first report of D-DOPA as a distinct scaffold for GCPII inhibition, laying the groundwork for future optimization to obtain clinically viable candidates.
DOI: 10.1021/jm0001774
发表时间: 2001-11-22
影响因子: 7.3
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DOI: 10.1159/000139518
发表时间: 1997-09-01
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影响因子: 3.1
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