Environmental Factors, Gut Microbiota, and Colorectal Cancer Prevention.
Environmental Factors, Gut Microbiota, and Colorectal Cancer Prevention.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cgh.2018.07.012
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发表时间：
2019-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Chan AT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Song M;Chan AT
结直肠癌的沉重负担和年轻人的增加趋势凸显了生活方式改变作为结直肠癌预防筛查的补充的重要性。多种饮食和生活方式因素可能通过复杂的代谢和炎症机制与结直肠癌的发生有关。同样，作为关键的代谢和免疫调节剂，肠道微生物群已被认为在结直肠肿瘤发生中发挥重要作用。越来越多的数据支持环境因素是肠道微生物组成和功能的关键决定因素，肠道微生物组成和功能的改变会引起宿主基因表达、代谢调节以及局部和全身免疫反应的变化，从而影响癌症的发展。在这里，我们回顾了有关饮食和生活方式与肠道微生物群在结直肠癌发生过程中之间联系的流行病学和机制证据。我们重点关注大量数据支持其对结直肠癌的重要性及其在肠道微生物群中的潜在作用的因素，包括超重和肥胖、体力活动、饮食模式、纤维、红肉和加工肉类、海洋 omega-3 脂肪酸、酒精和吸烟。我们还简要描述了其他结直肠癌预防因素，这些因素已被认为与肠道微生物群有关，但仍有待机械表征，包括维生素 D 状态、乳制品摄入和二甲双胍使用。鉴于现有证据的局限性，我们强调需要进一步研究环境因素、肠道微生物群和结直肠癌之间的关系，这可能会导致基于微生物群的潜在癌症预防策略的开发和临床转化。
The substantial burden of colorectal cancer and increasing trend in young adults highlight the importance of lifestyle modification as a complement to screening for colorectal cancer prevention. Several dietary and lifestyle factors have been implicated in the development of colorectal cancer, possibly through the intricate metabolic and inflammatory mechanisms. Likewise, as a key metabolic and immune regulator, the gut microbiota has been recognized to play an important role in colorectal tumorigenesis. Increasing data support that environmental factors are crucial determinants for the gut microbial composition and function, whose alterations induce changes in the host gene expression, metabolic regulation, and local and systemic immune response, thereby influencing cancer development. Here, we review the epidemiologic and mechanistic evidence regarding the links between diet and lifestyle and the gut microbiota in the development of colorectal cancer. We focus on factors for which substantial data support their importance for colorectal cancer and their potential role in the gut microbiota, including overweight and obesity, physical activity, dietary patterns, fiber, red and processed meat, marine omega-3 fatty acid, alcohol, and smoking. We also briefly describe other colorectal cancer-preventive factors for which the links with the gut microbiota have been suggested but remain to be mechanistically characterized, including vitamin D status, dairy consumption, and metformin use. Given limitations in available evidence, we highlight the need for further investigations in the relationship between environmental factors, gut microbiota, and colorectal cancer, which may lead to development and clinical translation of potential microbiota-based strategies for cancer prevention.
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