Changes in precarious employment in the United States: A longitudinal analysis.
Changes in precarious employment in the United States: A longitudinal analysis.
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DOI：
10.5271/sjweh.3939
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发表时间：
2021-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hajat A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oddo VM;Zhuang CC;Andrea SB;Eisenberg-Guyot J;Peckham T;Jacoby D;Hajat A
这项纵向研究旨在使用多维指标来衡量美国的不稳定就业。我们使用来自全国青年纵向调查（1988-2016）和职业信息网络数据库的数据，对18波7568名就业者（N=101 290个观察值）创建了纵向不稳定就业评分（PES）。我们确定了13项调查指标，以实现不稳定就业的7个维度，并将其纳入PES（范围：0-7,7表示最不稳定）：物质奖励、工作时间安排、稳定性、工人权利、集体组织、人际关系和培训。使用广义估计方程，我们估计了PES的平均水平以及PES总体、种族/民族、性别、教育程度、收入和地区随时间的变化。平均PES为3.17[标准差（SD） 1.19]，其中女性（3.34,SD 1.20）、有色人种（西班牙裔：3.24,SD 1.23；非西班牙裔黑人：3.31,SD 1.23）、受教育程度较低的人群（小学：3.99,SD 1.07；高中：3.43,SD 1.19）、低收入人群（3.84,SD 1.08）和居住在南方的人群（3.23,SD 1.17）的PES较高。1988年至2016年，PES平均增长9%[0.29点；95%置信区间（CI） 0.26-0.31]。虽然不稳定就业随着时间的推移在所有亚组中都有所增加，但男性（0.35点；95% CI 0.33-0.39）、高收入（0.39点；95% CI 0.36-0.42）和受过大学教育（0.37点；95% CI 0.33-0.41）的增幅最大。就业质量的长期下降在美国很普遍。妇女和那些来自种族化和受教育程度较低人口的人仍然不成比例地从事不稳定的工作；然而，我们在男性、大学毕业生和高收入人群中观察到大幅上升。
This longitudinal study aimed to measure precarious employment in the US using a multidimensional indicator. We used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1988–2016) and the Occupational Information Network database to create a longitudinal precarious employment score (PES) among 7568 employed individuals over 18 waves (N=101 290 observations). We identified 13 survey indicators to operationalize 7 dimensions of precarious employment, which we included in our PES (range: 0–7, with 7 indicating the most precarious): material rewards, working-time arrangements, stability, workers’ rights, collective organization, interpersonal relations, and training. Using generalized estimating equations, we estimated the mean PES and changes over time in the PES overall and by race/ethnicity, gender, education, income, and region. On average, the PES was 3.17 [standard deviation (SD) 1.19], and was higher among women (3.34, SD 1.20), people of color (Hispanics: 3.24, SD 1.23; non-Hispanic Blacks: 3.31, SD 1.23), those with less education (primary: 3.99, SD 1.07; high school: 3.43, SD 1.19), and with lower-incomes (3.84, SD 1.08), and those residing in the South (3.23, SD 1.17). From 1988 to 2016, the PES increased by 9% on average [0.29 points; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26–0.31]. While precarious employment increased over time across all subgroups, the increase was largest among males (0.35 points; 95% CI 0.33–0.39), higher-income (0.39 points; 95% CI 0.36–0.42) and college-educated (0.37 points; 95% CI 0.33–0.41) individuals. Long-term decreases in employment quality are widespread in the US. Women and those from racialized and less-educated populations remain disproportionately precariously employed; however, we observed large increases among men, college graduates and higher-income individuals.
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影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Bodin, Theo;Caglayan, Cigdem;Julia, Mireia
通讯作者：
Julia, Mireia
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Park, H;Sandefur, GD
通讯作者：
Sandefur, GD
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Julia, Mireia;Vanroelen, Christophe;Benach, Joan
通讯作者：
Benach, Joan
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Burgard, Sarah A.;Lin, Katherine Y.
通讯作者：
Lin, Katherine Y.
DOI：
10.7758/rsf.2019.5.4.01
发表时间：
2019-09-01
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Howell, David R.;Kalleberg, Arne L.
通讯作者：
Kalleberg, Arne L.