A Comprehensive Review of Microneedles: Types, Materials, Processes, Characterizations and Applications.
A Comprehensive Review of Microneedles: Types, Materials, Processes, Characterizations and Applications.
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DOI：
10.3390/polym13162815
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发表时间：
2021-08-22
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Desai S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aldawood FK;Andar A;Desai S
通过皮肤的药物递送提供了许多优点，例如避免肝脏首过代谢、维持稳定的血浆浓度、安全性以及与口服或肠胃外途径相比的顺应性。然而，透皮给药的最大挑战是，只有有限数量的具有理想理化性质的强效药物可以被动扩散和细胞间渗透通过皮肤屏障，并通过该途径达到治疗浓度。已经做出了显著的努力来开发增强药物经皮渗透的方法。其中，微针代表了微尺度物理增强方法之一，其极大地扩展了用于经皮和皮内递送的药物谱。刺针的长度通常为0.1-1 mm。在这篇综述中，微针材料，制造路线，表征技术，和经皮给药的应用进行了讨论。各种材料如硅、不锈钢和聚合物已被用于制造实心、涂层、中空或可溶解的微针。它们对经皮给药的影响已被广泛讨论。然而，在持续交付、功效、成本效益高的制造和大规模制造方面仍然存在挑战。该综述讨论了不同的表征模式和与微针相关的制造技术的差距。本文还讨论了它们对药物输送、疫苗输送、疾病诊断和化妆品应用的潜在影响。
Drug delivery through the skin offers many advantages such as avoidance of hepatic first-pass metabolism, maintenance of steady plasma concentration, safety, and compliance over oral or parenteral pathways. However, the biggest challenge for transdermal delivery is that only a limited number of potent drugs with ideal physicochemical properties can passively diffuse and intercellularly permeate through skin barriers and achieve therapeutic concentration by this route. Significant efforts have been made toward the development of approaches to enhance transdermal permeation of the drugs. Among them, microneedles represent one of the microscale physical enhancement methods that greatly expand the spectrum of drugs for transdermal and intradermal delivery. Microneedles typically measure 0.1–1 mm in length. In this review, microneedle materials, fabrication routes, characterization techniques, and applications for transdermal delivery are discussed. A variety of materials such as silicon, stainless steel, and polymers have been used to fabricate solid, coated, hollow, or dissolvable microneedles. Their implications for transdermal drug delivery have been discussed extensively. However, there remain challenges with sustained delivery, efficacy, cost-effective fabrication, and large-scale manufacturing. This review discusses different modes of characterization and the gaps in manufacturing technologies associated with microneedles. This review also discusses their potential impact on drug delivery, vaccine delivery, disease diagnostic, and cosmetics applications.
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