A dopaminergic switch for fear to safety transitions.

A dopaminergic switch for fear to safety transitions.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-018-04784-7
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发表时间:
2018-06-27
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Johansen JP
Johansen JP
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Luo R;Uematsu A;Weitemier A;Aquili L;Koivumaa J;McHugh TJ;Johansen JP

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克服厌恶情绪记忆需要神经系统检测到恐惧反应何时不再合适,以便将其消除。中脑腹侧被盖区(VTA)多巴胺系统与奖赏有关,更广泛地说,它与比预期好的结果发生时的信号有关。这表明它可能在引导恐惧向安全过渡方面很重要。我们报告说,当预期的厌恶结果没有发生时,中脑多巴胺神经元的活动是必要的,以消除行为恐惧反应和参与灭绝学习回路中的分子信号事件。此外,一个特定的多巴胺投射到延髓核内侧壳是部分负责这种效果。相反,一个单独的多巴胺投射到内侧前额叶皮层反对灭绝学习。这证明了一个新的功能,典型的腹侧被盖区-多巴胺奖励系统,并揭示了相反的行为作用,不同的多巴胺神经元的预测在恐惧消退学习。只有当确定恐惧反应是不合适的时候,恐惧记忆才能被克服。在这里,作者证明了多巴胺神经元的活动是消除恐惧反应所必需的,两种不同的多巴胺神经元投射对消除学习产生相反的影响。
Overcoming aversive emotional memories requires neural systems that detect when fear responses are no longer appropriate so that they can be extinguished. The midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine system has been implicated in reward and more broadly in signaling when a better-than-expected outcome has occurred. This suggests that it may be important in guiding fear to safety transitions. We report that when an expected aversive outcome does not occur, activity in midbrain dopamine neurons is necessary to extinguish behavioral fear responses and engage molecular signaling events in extinction learning circuits. Furthermore, a specific dopamine projection to the nucleus accumbens medial shell is partially responsible for this effect. In contrast, a separate dopamine projection to the medial prefrontal cortex opposes extinction learning. This demonstrates a novel function for the canonical VTA-dopamine reward system and reveals opposing behavioral roles for different dopamine neuron projections in fear extinction learning. Fear memories are overcome only when it is ascertained that fearful responses are not appropriate. Here the authors demonstrate that activity in dopamine neurons is necessary to extinguish fear responses and two distinct dopamine neuron projections exert opposing effects on extinction learning.
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