Effects of surgical and dietary weight loss therapy for obesity on gut microbiota composition and nutrient absorption.
Effects of surgical and dietary weight loss therapy for obesity on gut microbiota composition and nutrient absorption.
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DOI：
10.1155/2015/806248
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bischoff SC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Damms-Machado A;Mitra S;Schollenberger AE;Kramer KM;Meile T;Königsrainer A;Huson DH;Bischoff SC
有证据表明肠道微生物群组成与热量限制引起的体重减轻之间存在相关性。腹腔镜袖状胃切除术（LSG）是一种治疗肥胖症的外科手术，被归类为限制性手术。在这项研究中，我们研究了功能性减肥机制方面的肠道微生物的变化和能量收获诱导LSG和极低热量的饮食在10个肥胖的受试者（n = 5每组）在6个月的随访期间表现出相同的体重减轻。对于肠道微生物组分析，进行下一代测序，并分析粪便的靶向代谢组学。肠道微生物群的能量重吸收潜力在LSG后下降，由拟杆菌/厚壁菌门比率指示，但在饮食期间增加。两组中的厚壁菌门变化均与产丁酸菌种类的变化有关。未观察到粪便丁酸的改变，但微生物丁酸发酵能力在LSG后降低，在饮食干预后增加。LSG导致非酯化脂肪酸和胆汁酸的粪便排泄增强。LSG，而不是饮食限制，改善了肥胖相关的肠道微生物群组成，使其成为瘦型微生物群表型。此外，由于富含能量的粪便基质的损失和胆汁酸循环的损害，LSG增加了吸收不良。本试验注册于ClinicalTrials.gov NCT 01344525。
Evidence suggests a correlation between the gut microbiota composition and weight loss caused by caloric restriction. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), a surgical intervention for obesity, is classified as predominantly restrictive procedure. In this study we investigated functional weight loss mechanisms with regard to gut microbial changes and energy harvest induced by LSG and a very low calorie diet in ten obese subjects (n = 5 per group) demonstrating identical weight loss during a follow-up period of six months. For gut microbiome analysis next generation sequencing was performed and faeces were analyzed for targeted metabolomics. The energy-reabsorbing potential of the gut microbiota decreased following LSG, indicated by the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, but increased during diet. Changes in butyrate-producing bacterial species were responsible for the Firmicutes changes in both groups. No alteration of faecal butyrate was observed, but the microbial capacity for butyrate fermentation decreased following LSG and increased following dietetic intervention. LSG resulted in enhanced faecal excretion of nonesterified fatty acids and bile acids. LSG, but not dietetic restriction, improved the obesity-associated gut microbiota composition towards a lean microbiome phenotype. Moreover, LSG increased malabsorption due to loss in energy-rich faecal substrates and impairment of bile acid circulation. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01344525.
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