Who dares does not always win: risk-averse rockpool prawns are better at controlling a limited food resource
Who dares does not always win: risk-averse rockpool prawns are better at controlling a limited food resource
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谁敢并不总是获胜：规避风险的岩池虾更擅长控制有限的食物资源
DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.04.023
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Maskrey D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maskrey D
动物的“个性”，即种群内一致的个体行为差异的现象，已经被广泛地记录下来，但它的功能意义和持续存在的原因尚不清楚。一种可能性是，个体之间的行为差异通过对资源获取的影响与决定健康的特征联系在一起。在这项研究中，我们测试了这一想法，使用岩池对虾，Palaemonelegans，以测试“高风险探索”和垄断有限资源的能力之间的相关性。改进的开放领域试验(OFT)证实，在该物种中确实存在高风险探索行为的个体间(Co)一致的变异，多变量分析表明，特征变异与人格变异的主轴是一致的。随后在可能存在竞争的大小匹配的群体中进行的喂养试验表明，喂养持续时间的重复性很高，这里将其用作RHP(资源持有潜力)的替代。我们发现，喂食持续时间与两种“危险”行为之间存在显著的负相关关系，冒险程度越低的个体喂食越多。我们的研究结果与“主动综合症”的广泛假设不一致，在这种综合症中，大胆、敢于冒险的个性与RHP呈正相关。相反，它们暗示了一种权衡的可能性，一些人成功地垄断了有限的、高价值的资源，而另一些人则更愿意从事潜在风险的勘探(这可能会增加遇到新资源补丁的可能性)。我们推测，获取有限资源的替代策略可能因此有助于维持在野生种群中观察到的个性差异。
Animal ‘personality’, the phenomenon of consistent individual differences in behaviour within populations, has been documented widely, yet its functional significance and the reasons for its persistence remain unclear. One possibility is that among-individual behavioural variation is linked to fitness-determining traits via effects on resource acquisition. In this study, we tested this idea, using rockpool prawns,Palaemonelegans, to test for a correlation between ‘high-risk exploration’ and the ability to monopolize a limited resource. Modified open field trials (OFTs) confirmed that consistent among-individual (co)variation in high-risk exploratory behaviours does exist in this species, and multivariate analysis showed trait variation is consistent with a major axis of personality variation. Subsequent feeding trials in size-matched groups where competition was possible revealed a high repeatability of feeding duration, used here as a proxy for RHP (resource-holding potential). We found significant negative correlations between feeding duration and two ‘risky’ behaviours, such that individuals that took fewer risks fed more. Our results are not consistent with the widely hypothesized idea of a ‘proactive syndrome’ in which bolder, risk-taking personalities are positively associated with RHP. Rather they suggest the possibility of a trade-off, with some individuals successful at monopolizing limited, high-value resources, while others are more willing to engage in potentially risky exploration (which may increase the likelihood of encountering novel resource patches). We speculate that alternative strategies for acquiring limited resources might thereby contribute to the maintenance of personality variation observed in wild populations.
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