Neither Threat of Shock nor Acute Psychosocial Stress Affects Ambiguity Attitudes.
Neither Threat of Shock nor Acute Psychosocial Stress Affects Ambiguity Attitudes.
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DOI：
10.1007/s42761-022-00109-6
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Phelps, Elizabeth A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sambrano, Deshawn Chatman;Lormestoire, Arlene;Raio, Candace;Glimcher, Paul;Phelps, Elizabeth A.
不确定性下的决策可以分为两类：风险决策，具有已知的概率结果;模糊决策，具有未知的概率结果。在各种类型的决策中，人们发现模糊性非常令人厌恶，主观上比风险更令人厌恶。研究表明，对选择的短暂交感神经唤起反应可以预测在模糊而非风险下的决定，而终身压力可以唯一地预测对模糊的态度。基于这些发现，本研究探讨了我们是否可以偏见的模糊性和风险偏好与唤醒或急性压力操纵，是偶然的选择在两个独立的实验。一个实验诱导交感神经兴奋与预期的威胁范式，和其他操纵偶然的急性应激通过心理社会应激。分别通过瞳孔放大和唾液皮质醇证实了操作的有效性。参与者在保证5美元的选项和具有已知（风险）或未知（模糊）概率结果的彩票之间做出选择。与之前的研究结果一致，参与者更反对给定水平的模糊性，而不是数字相等的风险水平。然而，与我们的假设相反，我们没有发现任何证据表明，短暂的唤醒或急性压力是偶然的选择偏见模糊的偏好。
Decisions under uncertainty can be differentiated into two classes: risky, which has known probabilistic outcomes, and ambiguous, which has unknown probabilistic outcomes. Across a variety of types of decisions, people find ambiguity extremely aversive, subjectively more aversive than risk. It has been shown that the transient sympathetic arousal response to a choice predicts decisions under ambiguity but not risk, and that lifetime stress uniquely predicts attitudes toward ambiguity. Building on these findings, this study explored whether we could bias ambiguity and risk preferences with an arousal or acute stress manipulation that is incidental to the choice in two independent experiments. One experiment induced sympathetic arousal with an anticipatory threat paradigm, and the other manipulated incidental acute stress via a psychosocial stressor. The efficacy of the manipulations was confirmed via pupil dilation and salivary cortisol, respectively. Participants made choices between a guaranteed $5 option and a lottery with either a known (risky) or unknown (ambiguous) probabilistic outcome. Consistent with previous findings, participants were more averse to a given level of ambiguity than to a numerically equal level of risk. However, in contrast to our hypothesis, we found no evidence that transient arousal or acute stress that is incidental to the choice biases ambiguity preferences.
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影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Han PK;Reeve BB;Moser RP;Klein WM
通讯作者：
Klein WM
衡量所有（自然）事件的模糊态度
影响因子：
6.1
作者：
Baillon, Aurelien;Huang, Zhenxing;Wakker, Peter P.
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
3.2
作者：
KIRSCHBAUM, C;PIRKE, KM;HELLHAMMER, DH
通讯作者：
HELLHAMMER, DH
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Kret ME;Sjak-Shie EE
通讯作者：
Sjak-Shie EE
影响因子：
10.7
作者：
Holt, CA;Laury, SK
通讯作者：
Laury, SK