Host- and microbe determinants that may influence the success of S. aureus colonization.
Host- and microbe determinants that may influence the success of S. aureus colonization.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcimb.2012.00056
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Hanssen AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johannessen M;Sollid JE;Hanssen AM
金黄色葡萄球菌可能导致严重的皮肤和软组织感染、深度脓肿、心内膜炎、骨髓炎、肺炎和败血症。金黄色葡萄球菌持续在25%-30%的成年人口中定居，金黄色葡萄球菌携带者由这种细菌引起感染的风险增加。主要的定植部位是鼻子，也就是鼻前庭，上面覆盖着普通的皮肤和毛囊。一些宿主和微生物的决定因素被认为与定殖化有关。这包括细菌黏附素的存在和表达水平，它可以附着在细胞外基质或人体皮肤细胞表面的各种蛋白质上。宿主表达多种抗菌肽和抗菌脂。β-防御素3、游离鞘氨醇和顺式-6-十六碳烯酸的水平与金黄色葡萄球菌鼻腔携带有关。其他宿主因素是Toll样受体2、甘露糖结合凝集素、C反应蛋白、糖皮质激素和维生素D受体的某些多态性。其他可能的携带决定因素包括识别粘连基质分子及其相互作用伙伴的微生物表面成分的遗传变异和表达，以及人类识别细菌和对细菌做出适当反应的能力的差异。此外，可利用的微生物区系可能会影响金黄色葡萄球菌定植的成功。总而言之，定植是细菌和宿主之间复杂的相互作用。涉及几个细菌和宿主因素，需要增加对这些因素的分子理解。
Staphylococcus aureus may cause serious skin and soft tissue infections, deep abscesses, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, and sepsis. S. aureus persistently colonizes 25–30% of the adult human population, and S. aureus carriers have an increased risk for infections caused by the bacterium. The major site of colonization is the nose, i.e., the vestibulum nasi, which is covered with ordinary skin and hair follicles. Several host and microbe determinants are assumed to be associated with colonization. These include the presence and expression level of bacterial adhesins, which can adhere to various proteins in the extracellular matrix or on the cellular surface of human skin. The host expresses several antimicrobial peptides and lipids. The level of β-defensin 3, free sphingosine, and cis-6-hexadecenoic acid are found to be associated with nasal carriage of S. aureus. Other host factors are certain polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor 2, mannose-binding lectin, C-reactive protein, glucocorticoid-, and vitamin D receptor. Additional putative determinants for carriage include genetic variation and expression of microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules and their interaction partners, as well as variation among humans in the ability of recognizing and responding appropriately to the bacteria. Moreover, the available microflora may influence the success of S. aureus colonization. In conclusion, colonization is a complex interplay between the bacteria and its host. Several bacterial and host factors are involved, and an increased molecular understanding of these are needed.
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