The PIN-FORMED (PIN) protein family of auxin transporters.
The PIN-FORMED (PIN) protein family of auxin transporters.
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DOI：
10.1186/gb-2009-10-12-249
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
12.3
通讯作者：
Zazímalová E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krecek P;Skupa P;Libus J;Naramoto S;Tejos R;Friml J;Zazímalová E
PIN生长素-外排转运蛋白在植物发育中具有重要作用。PIN形成蛋白(PIN-form，PIN)是植物信号分子生长素从细胞外流的二级转运体。它们不对称地分布在细胞内，它们的极性决定了细胞间生长素流动的方向性。PIN基因仅存在于多细胞植物的基因组中，在胚胎发生、器官发生、组织分化和趋性反应等多个发育过程中起着重要的调节作用。所有的PIN蛋白都具有相似的结构，氨基和羧基末端的疏水结构域由一个中心亲水结构域隔开。疏水结构域的结构是保守的。亲水结构域的差异更大，它决定了蛋白质家族中的八个基团。PIN蛋白的活性受多个水平的调控，包括转录、蛋白质稳定性、亚细胞定位和转运活性。不同的内源和环境信号可以调节PIN的活性，从而调节生长素分布依赖的发育。一大群PIN蛋白，包括已知的最古老的苔藓成员，定位于内质网，调节生长素的亚细胞区域化，从而调节生长素的代谢。需要进一步的工作来确定这种出乎意料的生长素稳态调节模式的生理重要性。此外，基于PIN的转运的进化、PIN的蛋白质结构以及更详细的转运功能的生化特征是进一步研究的重要课题。
A review of the PIN auxin-efflux transporters, which have important roles in plant development. The PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins are secondary transporters acting in the efflux of the plant signal molecule auxin from cells. They are asymmetrically localized within cells and their polarity determines the directionality of intercellular auxin flow. PIN genes are found exclusively in the genomes of multicellular plants and play an important role in regulating asymmetric auxin distribution in multiple developmental processes, including embryogenesis, organogenesis, tissue differentiation and tropic responses. All PIN proteins have a similar structure with amino- and carboxy-terminal hydrophobic, membrane-spanning domains separated by a central hydrophilic domain. The structure of the hydrophobic domains is well conserved. The hydrophilic domain is more divergent and it determines eight groups within the protein family. The activity of PIN proteins is regulated at multiple levels, including transcription, protein stability, subcellular localization and transport activity. Different endogenous and environmental signals can modulate PIN activity and thus modulate auxin-distribution-dependent development. A large group of PIN proteins, including the most ancient members known from mosses, localize to the endoplasmic reticulum and they regulate the subcellular compartmentalization of auxin and thus auxin metabolism. Further work is needed to establish the physiological importance of this unexpected mode of auxin homeostasis regulation. Furthermore, the evolution of PIN-based transport, PIN protein structure and more detailed biochemical characterization of the transport function are important topics for further studies.
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影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Heisler, MG;Ohno, C;Meyerowitz, EM
通讯作者：
Meyerowitz, EM
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Blilou, I;Xu, J;Scheres, B
通讯作者：
Scheres, B
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0808073105
发表时间：
2008-11-18
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Kleine-Vehn, Juergen;Leitner, Johannes;Friml, Jiri
通讯作者：
Friml, Jiri
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.95.25.15112
发表时间：
1998-12-08
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Chen, RJ;Hilson, P;Masson, PH
通讯作者：
Masson, PH
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Becker, Burkhard;Marin, Birger
通讯作者：
Marin, Birger