Small but mighty: the evolutionary dynamics of W and Y sex chromosomes.
Small but mighty: the evolutionary dynamics of W and Y sex chromosomes.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10577-011-9251-2
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发表时间：
2012-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Mank, Judith E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mank, Judith E.
关键词：
虽然性染色体一直是大量科学审查的焦点，但大多数兴趣都集中在理解X和Z染色体的进化和相对重要性上。相比之下，性别限制的W和Y染色体受到的关注要少得多，这既是因为它们通常具有退化的性质，也是因为研究非重组和经常高度异染色质的基因组区域的困难。然而，最近的理论和经验证据表明，W和Y染色体在性别特异性适应性性状中发挥的作用比仅基于其大小所预期的要重要得多，这种重要性可以解释一些Y和W染色体在强大的退化力量面前的持久性。除了它们在生育力和繁殖力中的作用外，这些基因组区域的性别限制性质导致作用于Y和W染色体的独特进化力量，暗示它们可能是性选择和物种形成的主要贡献者。最近的实证研究证实了这些预测，并揭示了一些W和Y染色体在关键的性别特异性进化过程中起着至关重要的作用。
Although sex chromosomes have been the focus of a great deal of scientific scrutiny, most interest has centred on understanding the evolution and relative importance of X and Z chromosomes. By contrast, the sex-limited W and Y chromosomes have received far less attention, both because of their generally degenerate nature and the difficulty in studying non-recombining and often highly heterochromatic genomic regions. However, recent theory and empirical evidence suggest that the W and Y chromosomes play a far more important role in sex-specific fitness traits than would be expected based on their size alone, and this importance may explain the persistence of some Y and W chromosomes in the face of powerful degradative forces. In addition to their role in fertility and fecundity, the sex-limited nature of these genomic regions results in unique evolutionary forces acting on Y and W chromosomes, implicating them as potentially major contributors to sexual selection and speciation. Recent empirical studies have borne out these predictions and revealed that some W and Y chromosomes play a vital role in key sex-specific evolutionary processes.
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