Heat Stress Decreases Rice Grain Weight: Evidence and Physiological Mechanisms of Heat Effects Prior to Flowering.
Heat Stress Decreases Rice Grain Weight: Evidence and Physiological Mechanisms of Heat Effects Prior to Flowering.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms231810922
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发表时间：
2022-09-18
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Fahad, Shah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wu, Chao;Cui, Kehui;Fahad, Shah
花前穗萌发期的热胁迫对水稻粒重造成了无形的严重影响，但未引起足够的重视。本综述旨在(1)比较最重要的灌浆期和穗萌发期的热效应对水稻粒重的影响；(2)从直接调控水稻粒重的关键生理过程——同化物供应和植物激素调节两个方面，探讨了穗化热诱导水稻粒重下降的生理机制。我们强调，穗发育期的热量对水稻粒重的影响要大于灌浆期的热量。穗萌发期的热胁迫引起内源激素的改变，抑制了功能叶（源）的光合作用和维管束（流）的形成，从而减少了非结构性碳水化合物的积累和运输，影响了外稃和叶片的生长。“流”的中断和花期“源”组织的限制直接降低了籽粒的大小，间接降低了籽粒的丰满度，从而导致最终粒重的减少，这可能是穗形成阶段高温导致籽粒重降低的直接生理原因。我们强调了花前热胁迫对水稻粒重的严重性，这可以看作是一种无形的灾难。穗萌发期热致低粒重的生理机制与灌浆期不同，具有一定的新颖性。此外，已经总结了一些通过植物激素控制籽粒大小的基因，但它们在热条件下的功能尚未得到充分的测试，除了籽粒大小和非生物胁迫耐受性1 （GSA1）和油菜素内酯不敏感1 （OsBRI1）基因，据报道它们对热胁迫反应迅速。稻穗萌发期热致粒重减少的机理有待从分子途径上深入研究。
Heat stress during the preflowering panicle initiation stage seriously decreases rice grain weight in an invisible way and has not been given enough attention. The current review aims to (i) specify the heat effects on rice grain weight during the panicle initiation stage compared with the most important grain-filling stage; and (ii) discuss the physiological mechanisms of the decreased rice grain weight induced by heat during panicle initiation in terms of assimilate supply and phytohormone regulation, which are key physiological processes directly regulating rice grain weight. We emphasize that the effect of heat during the panicle initiation stage on rice grain weight is more serious than that during the grain-filling stage. Heat stress during the panicle initiation stage induces alterations in endogenous phytohormones, leading to the inhibition of the photosynthesis of functional leaves (source) and the formation of vascular bundles (flow), thus reducing the accumulation and transport of nonstructural carbohydrates and the growth of lemmata and paleae. The disruptions in the “flow” and restrictions in the preanthesis “source” tissue reduce grain size directly and decrease grain plumpness indirectly, resulting in a reduction in the final grain weight, which could be the direct physiological causes of the lower rice grain weight induced by heat during the panicle initiation stage. We highlight the seriousness of preflowering heat stress on rice grain weight, which can be regarded as an invisible disaster. The physiological mechanisms underlying the lower grain weight induced by heat during panicle initiation show a certain novelty because they distinguish this stage from the grain-filling stage. Additionally, a number of genes that control grain size through phytohormones have been summarized, but their functions have not yet been fully tested under heat conditions, except for the Grain Size and Abiotic stress tolerance 1 (GSA1) and BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (OsBRI1) genes, which are reported to respond rapidly to heat stress. The mechanisms of reduced rice grain weight induced by heat during the panicle initiation stage should be studied in more depth in terms of molecular pathways.
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