Trends and geographical variation in population thriving, struggling and suffering across the USA, 2008-2017: a retrospective repeated cross-sectional study.
Trends and geographical variation in population thriving, struggling and suffering across the USA, 2008-2017: a retrospective repeated cross-sectional study.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043375
复制
发表时间：
2021-07-14
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Roy B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Riley C;Herrin J;Lam V;Hamar B;Witters D;Liu D;Krumholz HM;Roy B
幸福是一个整体的、积极的健康概念，整合了身体、情感、社会、经济、社区和精神生活的各个方面。对个人、社区和国家来说，高幸福感是一个本质上值得追求的目标。存在多种福祉衡量标准，但我们缺乏信息来确定基准、地理差异和干预目标，以改善美国的人口生活评估。利用盖洛普国家健康和幸福指数的数据，我们对一系列横断面样本进行了回顾性分析。我们总结了2008-2012年和2013-2017年两个时间段内，每年在全国范围内和按县（n=599）选择的幸福结果。我们用“中心自我锚定量表”（Cantril Self-Anchoring Scale）报告人们幸福、挣扎和受苦的百分比，报告当前生活满意度高或低的百分比，报告未来生活乐观度高或低的百分比，以及这些百分比随时间的变化。在全国范围内，报告生活富裕的人的比例从2008年的48.9%上升到2017年的56.3% （p<0.05）。随着时间的推移，痛苦的百分比没有显著差异，从4.4%到3.2%不等。2013-2017年，生活质量评价最高的县平均生活质量为63.6%，生活质量评价最低的县平均生活质量为49.5%，生活质量评价最低的县平均生活质量为6.5%，生活质量评价最高的县生活质量为10%，是全国平均水平的三倍。县级生活评价的变化也各不相同。在改善最大的县，幸福的绝对百分比增加了10%-15%，痛苦的绝对百分比下降了3%-5%，但大多数县没有变化，有些县的生活评估有所下降。2008年至2017年，美国繁荣人口比例上升，而受苦人口比例保持不变。存在明显的地理差异，表明干预的优先领域。
Well-being is a holistic, positively framed conception of health, integrating physical, emotional, social, financial, community and spiritual aspects of life. High well-being is an intrinsically worthy goal for individuals, communities and nations. Multiple measures of well-being exist, yet we lack information to identify benchmarks, geographical disparities and targets for intervention to improve population life evaluation in the USA. Using data from the Gallup National Health and Well-Being Index, we conducted retrospective analyses of a series of cross-sectional samples. We summarised select well-being outcomes nationally for each year, and by county (n=599) over two time periods, 2008–2012 and 2013–2017. We report percentages of people thriving, struggling and suffering using the Cantril Self-Anchoring Scale, percentages reporting high or low current life satisfaction, percentages reporting high or low future life optimism, and changes in these percentages over time. Nationally, the percentage of people that report thriving increased from 48.9% in 2008 to 56.3% in 2017 (p<0.05). The percentage suffering was not significantly different over time, ranging from 4.4% to 3.2%. In 2013–2017, counties with the highest life evaluation had a mean 63.6% thriving and 2.3% suffering while counties with the lowest life evaluation had a mean 49.5% thriving and 6.5% suffering, with counties experiencing up to 10% suffering, threefold the national average. Changes in county-level life evaluation also varied. While counties with the greatest improvements experienced 10%–15% increase in the absolute percentage thriving or 3%–5% decrease in absolute percentage suffering, most counties experienced no change and some experienced declines in life evaluation. The percentage of the US population thriving increased from 2008 to 2017 while the percentage suffering remained unchanged. Marked geographical variation exists indicating priority areas for intervention.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI：
10.1136/bmj.a2338
发表时间：
2008-12-04
期刊：
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Fowler JH;Christakis NA
通讯作者：
Christakis NA
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Gandy, William M.;Coberley, Carter;Rula, Elizabeth Y.
通讯作者：
Rula, Elizabeth Y.
影响因子：
9.7
作者：
Arora, Anita;Spatz, Erica;Krumholz, Harlan M.
通讯作者：
Krumholz, Harlan M.
影响因子：
2
作者：
CUZICK, J
通讯作者：
CUZICK, J
DOI：
10.1007/978-90-481-2352-0_3
发表时间：
2009-01-01
期刊：
CULTURE AND WELL - BEING: THE COLLECTED WORKS OF ED DIENER
影响因子：
--
作者：
Diener, Ed;Diener, Marissa;Diener, Carol
通讯作者：
Diener, Carol