Adult survivorship of the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti varies seasonally in central Vietnam.
Adult survivorship of the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti varies seasonally in central Vietnam.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0002669
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发表时间：
2014-02
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Kay BH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hugo LE;Jeffery JA;Trewin BJ;Wockner LF;Nguyen TY;Nguyen HL;Nghia le T;Hine E;Ryan PA;Kay BH
埃及伊蚊的生存特征会影响登革热的传播率，因为传播需要受感染的蚊子存活足够长的时间，病毒才能感染唾液腺。在越南等热带登革热流行的国家，蚊子的存活率被认为是很高的。然而，由于很难预测蚊子的年龄，很少测量野生蚊子种群的存活率。越南中部的鸿妙岛是Ae的试点释放地。埃及伊蚊感染了一种沃尔巴克氏菌(WMelPop)，这种细菌会引起病毒干扰和缩短蚊子的寿命。我们使用了最准确的蚊子年龄分级方法-转录图谱，从蚊子种群的年龄结构建立了蚊子种群的生存模式。此外，对释放到由封闭房屋、花园和院子组成的大型半野外环境中的蚊子的估计也得到了验证，以纳入自然环境的变异性。蚊虫存活率在干/凉(1-4月)和干热(5-8月)季节最高，其中92%和的蚊子存活到能够传播登革热的年龄(12d)。在9月至12月的雨季/凉季期间，这一比例降至29%。Ae.在每个季节，超过12天的埃及伊蚊可能有助于观察到登革热在该地区的持续传播。我们提供特定季节的Ae。改进登革热流行病学的埃及伊蚊生存模型和评估旨在降低蚊子存活率以打破登革热传播周期的蚊子控制策略。成年蚊子的长时间存活对登革热传播周期至关重要，特别是因为登革热病毒感染蚊子中肠、复制和感染唾液腺需要时间，然后才能传播。缩短蚊子寿命是抗击登革热的一种方法，使用蚊子寄生虫，如缩短寿命的沃尔巴克氏菌菌株，可以实现这一点。我们测量了越南中部一个村庄埃及伊蚊在该地区三个盛行季节的存活率。为了预测野生蚊子的年龄，我们使用了一种基于年龄反应基因活动的蚊子年龄预测方法。我们首先测试了我们对蚊子的估计，这些蚊子被释放到一个围着房子和院子的大野外笼子里。该村蚊子的生存模式因季节不同而不同，无论是在时间上的死亡率还是在寿命上。我们估计，在干燥/凉爽季节(1-4月)和干燥/炎热季节(5-8月)，约有92%和的蚊子种群存活足够长的时间来传播登革热；但在潮湿/凉爽季节(9-12月)，这一比例减少到29%。埃及伊蚊全年存活率相对较高，可能是该地区登革热传播持续的一个主要因素，并为减少蚊子存活率以打破传播周期提供了理论依据。
The survival characteristics of the mosquito Aedes aegypti affect transmission rates of dengue because transmission requires infected mosquitoes to survive long enough for the virus to infect the salivary glands. Mosquito survival is assumed to be high in tropical, dengue endemic, countries like Vietnam. However, the survival rates of wild populations of mosquitoes are seldom measured due the difficulty of predicting mosquito age. Hon Mieu Island in central Vietnam is the site of a pilot release of Ae. aegypti infected with a strain of Wolbachia pipientis bacteria (wMelPop) that induces virus interference and mosquito life-shortening. We used the most accurate mosquito age grading approach, transcriptional profiling, to establish the survival patterns of the mosquito population from the population age structure. Furthermore, estimations were validated on mosquitoes released into a large semi-field environment consisting of an enclosed house, garden and yard to incorporate natural environmental variability. Mosquito survival was highest during the dry/cool (January-April) and dry/hot (May-August) seasons, when 92 and 64% of Hon Mieu mosquitoes had survived to an age that they were able to transmit dengue (12 d), respectively. This was reduced to 29% during the wet/cool season from September to December. The presence of Ae. aegypti older than 12 d during each season is likely to facilitate the observed continuity of dengue transmission in the region. We provide season specific Ae. aegypti survival models for improved dengue epidemiology and evaluation of mosquito control strategies that aim to reduce mosquito survival to break the dengue transmission cycle. Prolonged survival of adult mosquitoes is critical to dengue transmission cycles, particularly because it takes time for the dengue viruses to infect the mosquito midgut, replicate and infect the salivary glands before transmission can occur. Reducing mosquito lifespan is one avenue to fight dengue, and may be achievable using mosquito parasites such as a life-shortening strain of Wolbachia bacteria. We measured the survival rates of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in a village in central Vietnam during the region's three prevailing seasons. In order to predict the ages of wild-caught mosquitoes, we used a method of predicting mosquito age based on the activity of age-responsive genes. We first tested our estimations on mosquitoes that were released into a large field cage that enclosed a house and yard. The survival patterns of mosquitoes in the village differed between seasons, both in terms of the death rate over time and longevity. We estimate that approximately 92 and 64% of the mosquito population survived long enough to transmit dengue during the dry/cool season (January-April) and dry/hot season (May-August), respectively; however, this was reduced to 29% during the wet/cool season (September-December). The relatively high survival of Aedes aegypti year round is likely to be a major contributor to the continuity of dengue transmission in the region and provides rationale for reducing mosquito survival to break the transmission cycle.
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