Effects of cigarette package colors and warning labels on marlboro smokers' risk beliefs, product appraisals, and smoking behavior: a randomized trial.
Effects of cigarette package colors and warning labels on marlboro smokers' risk beliefs, product appraisals, and smoking behavior: a randomized trial.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12889-023-17024-5
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发表时间：
2023-10-27
影响因子：
4.5
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
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普通包装和图形警告标签是两种可能影响卷烟风险信念并减少消费的监管策略，但需要数据来更好地了解吸烟者如何应对此类法规。成人，每日，万宝路非薄荷醇吸烟者（红色[n = 141]或金色[n = 43]）完成了一项混合因素随机试验。参与者在基线（5天）期间吸烟，并随机接受带有警告标签操作（图形与文本）的香烟包装。在每种警告标签条件下，参与者完成了三次受试者内包装颜色操作（红色，金色，普通），每次持续15天。参与者不知道所有包装都包含他们常用的香烟。混合效应模型研究了受试者之间和受试者内部在风险信念、产品认知和吸烟行为方面的差异。警告类型和包装颜色不影响卷烟消费或主观评级。然而，相对于基线，在所有条件下使用增加（每天2.59-3.59支香烟）。虽然吸烟者在基线时大多持有正确的风险信念（平均值= 6.02，SE = 0.17，范围：0-8），但在文本（IRR范围= 1.70-2.16）和图形（IRR范围= 1.31-1.70）警告条件下的所有包装颜色操作中，不正确或不确定的香烟风险信念的累积数量较基线增加。在所有包装颜色期间，图形（与文本）警告条件下的受试者报告其研究香烟比普通香烟“更安全”的几率降低（OR范围= 0.22-0.32）。包装颜色的修改可能会增加几个关键的香烟风险信念的不确定性，虽然图形警告可能会削弱这些影响。监管机构可考虑通过宣传运动支持政策变化，以最大限度地扩大公众知识。2014年11月25日;注册号：NCT 02301351。在线版本包含补充材料，可通过10.1186/s12889-023-17024-5获得。
Plain packaging and graphic warning labels are two regulatory strategies that may impact cigarette risk beliefs and reduce consumption, but data are needed to better understand how smokers respond to such regulations. Adult, daily, Marlboro non-menthol smokers (Red [n = 141] or Gold [n = 43]) completed a mixed factorial randomized trial. Participants smoked their usual cigarettes during baseline (5-days) and were randomized to receive cigarette packs with a warning label manipulation (graphic vs. text-only). Within each warning label condition, participants completed three within-subjects pack color manipulations (red, gold, plain), each lasting 15 days. Participants were blinded to the fact that all packs contained their usual cigarettes. Mixed-effects models examined between- and within-subject differences on risk beliefs, product perceptions, and smoking behavior. Warning type and package color did not impact cigarette consumption or subjective ratings. However, use increased in all conditions (2.59–3.59 cigarettes per day) relative to baseline. While smokers largely held correct risk beliefs at baseline (Mean = 6.02, SE = 0.17, Range:0–8), the cumulative number of incorrect or uncertain cigarette risk beliefs increased from baseline in all pack color manipulations in the text (IRR range = 1.70–2.16) and graphic (IRR range = 1.31–1.70) warning conditions. Across all pack color periods, those in the graphic (vs. text) warning condition had reduced odds of reporting their study cigarettes as ‘safer’ than regular cigarettes (OR range = 0.22–0.32). Pack color modification may increase uncertainty about several key cigarette risk beliefs, though graphic warnings may attenuate these effects. Regulatory agencies could consider supporting policy changes with information campaigns to maximize public knowledge. November 25, 2014; Registration number: NCT02301351. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-023-17024-5.
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影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Lochbuehler K;Tang KZ;Souprountchouk V;Campetti D;Cappella JN;Kozlowski LT;Strasser AA
通讯作者：
Strasser AA
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Martínez-Sánchez JM;Fernández E;Fu M;Gallus S;Martínez C;Sureda X;La Vecchia C;Clancy L
通讯作者：
Clancy L
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Bansal-Travers M;O'Connor R;Fix BV;Cummings KM
通讯作者：
Cummings KM
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Evans, Abigail T.;Peters, Ellen;Romer, Daniel
通讯作者：
Romer, Daniel
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Stone MD;Dimofte CV;Strong DR;Villasenor A;Pulvers K;Messer K;Pierce JP
通讯作者：
Pierce JP