When to vaccinate a fluctuating wildlife population: Is timing everything?
When to vaccinate a fluctuating wildlife population: Is timing everything?
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何时为波动的野生动物种群接种疫苗：时机就是一切吗？
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.13539
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Basinski,AndrewJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schreiner,CourtneyL;Nuismer,ScottL;Basinski,AndrewJ
野生动物疫苗接种是管理人类、家畜和各种标志性野生动物感染疾病负担的重要工具。尽管在野生动物疫苗设计领域取得了实质性进展，但相对于宿主人口统计学，我们对如何安排野生动物疫苗接种的时间以最大限度地保护种群的理解存在差距。我们使用数学模型和计算机模拟来评估每个年度种群周期一次的疫苗接种活动的结果。对于寿命较短到中等寿命和出生季节较短的动物，最佳接种时间是一个重要的考虑因素。在分娩季节过后不久部署的疫苗最能保护宿主种群。对于传播率高、恢复期短的野生动物病原体来说，时机的重要性更大。在分娩季节结束时接种疫苗最能减少感染病原体的宿主的平均丰度。将疫苗接种推迟到今年晚些时候可以促进病原体的消除。调整野生动物疫苗接种活动以适应人口统计学和病原体特征，可以大大提高活动的有效性。我们的结果表明，对于波动的人口，在生育季节结束时或之后不久接种疫苗，最能保护人口免受入侵病原体的侵袭。如果病原体已经是地方病，将疫苗接种推迟到分娩季节结束后，有助于促进病原体的消除。我们的结果强调了更好地了解和预测作为疫苗接种目标的野生动物种群中的宿主人口统计的必要性。
Wildlife vaccination is an important tool for managing the burden of infectious disease in human populations, domesticated livestock and various iconic wildlife. Although substantial progress has been made in the field of vaccine designs for wildlife, there is a gap in our understanding of how to time wildlife vaccination, relative to host demography, to best protect a population.We use a mathematical model and computer simulations to assess the outcomes of vaccination campaigns that deploy vaccines once per annual population cycle.Optimal timing of vaccination is an important consideration in animals with short to intermediate life spans and a short birthing season. Vaccines that are deployed shortly after the birthing season best protect the host population.The importance of timing is greater in wildlife pathogens that have a high rate of transmission and a short recovery period. Vaccinating at the end of the birthing season best reduces the mean abundance of pathogen‐infected hosts. Delaying vaccination until later in the year can facilitate pathogen elimination.Policy Implications. Tuning wildlife vaccination campaigns to host demography and pathogen traits can substantially increase the effectiveness of a campaign. Our results suggest that, for a fluctuating population, vaccinating at, or shortly after, the end of the birthing season, best protects the population against an invading pathogen. If the pathogen is already endemic, delaying vaccination until after the birthing season is over can help facilitate pathogen elimination. Our results highlight the need to better understand and predict host demography in wildlife populations that are targeted for vaccination.
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