Evolutionary classification of CRISPR-Cas systems: a burst of class 2 and derived variants.

Evolutionary classification of CRISPR-Cas systems: a burst of class 2 and derived variants.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41579-019-0299-x
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发表时间:
2020-02
期刊:
Nature reviews. Microbiology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Koonin EV
Koonin EV
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Makarova KS;Wolf YI;Iranzo J;Shmakov SA;Alkhnbashi OS;Brouns SJJ;Charpentier E;Cheng D;Haft DH;Horvath P;Moineau S;Mojica FJM;Scott D;Shah SA;Siksnys V;Terns MP;Venclovas Č;White MF;Yakunin AF;Yan W;Zhang F;Garrett RA;Backofen R;van der Oost J;Barrangou R;Koonin EV

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近年来,已知CRISPR-Cas系统的数量和多样性大幅增加。在这里,我们提供了CRISPR-Cas系统和cas基因的最新进化分类,重点介绍了自2015年最新分类发表以来发生的主要发展。与2015年的5类16亚型相比,新分类包括2类6类33亚型。一个关键的进展是不断发现多种新的2类CRISPR-Cas系统,现在包括3种类型和17种亚型。第二个主要的新奇之处是发现了许多衍生的CRISPR-Cas变体,这些变体通常与缺乏干扰所需核酸酶的可移动遗传元件有关。其中一些变异与rna引导的转位有关,而另一些则被预测具有与适应性免疫不同的功能,这些功能仍有待实验表征。第三个亮点是发现了许多辅助crispr相关基因家族,这些基因通常与信号转导有关。总之,这些发现实质上阐明了CRISPR-Cas的功能多样性和进化历史。
The number and diversity of known CRISPR–Cas systems have substantially increased in recent years. Here, we provide an updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR–Cas systems and cas genes, with an emphasis on the major developments that have occurred since the publication of the latest classification, in 2015. The new classification includes 2 classes, 6 types and 33 subtypes, compared with 5 types and 16 subtypes in 2015. A key development is the ongoing discovery of multiple, novel class 2 CRISPR–Cas systems, which now include 3 types and 17 subtypes. A second major novelty is the discovery of numerous derived CRISPR–Cas variants, often associated with mobile genetic elements that lack the nucleases required for interference. Some of these variants are involved in RNA-guided transposition, whereas others are predicted to perform functions distinct from adaptive immunity that remain to be characterized experimentally. The third highlight is the discovery of numerous families of ancillary CRISPR-linked genes, often implicated in signal transduction. Together, these findings substantially clarify the functional diversity and evolutionary history of CRISPR–Cas.
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