Translation and streaming in a changing world

Translation and streaming in a changing world
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不断变化的世界中的翻译和流媒体

DOI:
10.1075/target.00020.cho
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
Target. International Journal of Translation Studies
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Choi J
Choi J
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Choi J

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本期特刊的大部分内容是在 COVID-19 大流行以及欧洲和其他地方的相关封锁期间撰写的。尽管仍然很难判断大流行造成的所有影响,但就流媒体在大流行期间所产生的重要性而言,媒体空间的加速变化是可见且有形的。流媒体带来的变化解构并分散了我们生产、分发和消费媒体的方式。流媒体服务日益超越卫星电视,特别是对于年轻一代来说(Sweney 2022),并且进一步多元化。 OTT(OTT)媒体是指需要活跃的互联网连接来分发实时流媒体,而视频点播(VOD)是一个更广泛的术语,指的是一种允许用户根据需要观看预先录制的媒体内容并可以随时播放的服务(例如 Netflix 和 Amazon Prime)。 VOD 还可以进一步分为交易型 VOD (TVOD)、用户按观看的项目付费的流媒体服务(例如 YouTube 和 Google Play 电影)、订阅视频点播 (SVOD),其中用户必须根据订阅包支付固定费用(例如 Netflix),以及广告支持的视频点播 (AVOD),这是完全免费的,但用户必须观看广告才能访问内容(例如 YouTube)。这种差异意味着每种不同形式首选不同的翻译服务。例如,某些形式的 OTT 的翻译服务是实时提供的,因此很大程度上依赖于机器翻译(例如,YouTube 翻译工具由 Google 提供),而 VOD 内容的翻译要么外包,要么由发行商完成。然而,
Much of this special issue was written during the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated lockdowns in Europe and elsewhere. While it is still difficult to judge all of the effects that the pandemic has had, the accelerating changes to media space, in terms of the importance that streaming media came to have during the pandemic, are visible and tangible. The changes that have come from streaming media deconstruct and decentre how we produce, distribute, and consume media. Streaming services have increasingly overtaken satellite TV, particularly for the younger generation (Sweney 2022), and have further diversified. While over-the-top (OTT) media refers to the distribution of live streaming that requires an active internet connection, video-on-demand (VOD) is a broader term, referring to a service that allows users to watch pre-recorded media content as they want, which can be played back anytime (eg, Netflix and Amazon Prime). VOD can further be divided into transactional VOD (TVOD), a streaming service where users pay per item watched (eg, YouTube and Google Play Movies), subscription video-on-demand (SVOD), where users have to pay a set fee based on the subscription pack (eg, Netflix), and advertising-supported video-on-demand (AVOD), which is completely free but users have to watch advertisements to access the content (eg, YouTube). Such differences mean different translation services are preferred for each of these different forms. For example, translation services are provided in real-time for some forms of OTT, thus relying largely on machine translation (eg, YouTube translation tools are provided by Google), whereas translations are either outsourced or done by the distributors for VOD content. Yet,
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