Traces of archaic mitochondrial lineages persist in Austronesian-speaking Formosan populations.
Traces of archaic mitochondrial lineages persist in Austronesian-speaking Formosan populations.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.0030247
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发表时间：
2005-08
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Lin M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Trejaut JA;Kivisild T;Loo JH;Lee CL;He CL;Hsu CJ;Lee ZY;Lin M
台湾原住民与大洋洲和东南亚人群之间的遗传亲缘关系以前曾通过线粒体DNA（mtDNA），Y染色体DNA和人类白细胞抗原位点的分析进行了探讨。最近的遗传学研究支持了“慢船”和“纠缠银行”模型，根据这些模型，波利尼西亚人的迁移可以被视为从美拉尼西亚的扩张，没有任何主要的直接遗传线索可以追溯到台湾。我们评估了来自台湾中部山脉和东海岸地区的9个部落的640个个体的mtDNA变异。与汉族人群相比，部落显示出低频率的单倍群D4和G，以及缺乏单倍群A，C，Z，M9和M10。此外，超过85%的母系谱系嵌套在单倍群B4，B5a，F1a，F3b，E和M7中。虽然这表明了东南亚和大洋洲岛屿人群的共同起源，但台湾原住民人群中的大多数mtDNA谱系与中国大陆和台湾一般（汉族）人群中的mtDNA谱系分开，这表明台湾原住民基因库中的早期晚更新世定居者普遍存在。有趣的是，从完整的mtDNA测序信息来看，大多数B4a谱系与三个编码区替换相关，定义了一个新的分支B4a1a，支持波利尼西亚人从台湾迁移的起源。B4a1a的合并时间为13.2 ± 3.8千年（巴布亚人和波利尼西亚人为9.3 ± 2.5千年）。考虑到台湾原住民和波利尼西亚人缺乏共同的特定Y染色体元件，这里提供的mtDNA证据也与原始海洋社会主要是母系社会的建议相一致。对台湾九个部落的mtDNA进行了广泛的系统发育分析，揭示了台湾原住民和波利尼西亚人之间明确的遗传联系，排除了亚洲大陆人。
Genetic affinities between aboriginal Taiwanese and populations from Oceania and Southeast Asia have previously been explored through analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), Y chromosomal DNA, and human leukocyte antigen loci. Recent genetic studies have supported the “slow boat” and “entangled bank” models according to which the Polynesian migration can be seen as an expansion from Melanesia without any major direct genetic thread leading back to its initiation from Taiwan. We assessed mtDNA variation in 640 individuals from nine tribes of the central mountain ranges and east coast regions of Taiwan. In contrast to the Han populations, the tribes showed a low frequency of haplogroups D4 and G, and an absence of haplogroups A, C, Z, M9, and M10. Also, more than 85% of the maternal lineages were nested within haplogroups B4, B5a, F1a, F3b, E, and M7. Although indicating a common origin of the populations of insular Southeast Asia and Oceania, most mtDNA lineages in Taiwanese aboriginal populations are grouped separately from those found in China and the Taiwan general (Han) population, suggesting a prevalence in the Taiwanese aboriginal gene pool of its initial late Pleistocene settlers. Interestingly, from complete mtDNA sequencing information, most B4a lineages were associated with three coding region substitutions, defining a new subclade, B4a1a, that endorses the origin of Polynesian migration from Taiwan. Coalescence times of B4a1a were 13.2 ± 3.8 thousand years (or 9.3 ± 2.5 thousand years in Papuans and Polynesians). Considering the lack of a common specific Y chromosomal element shared by the Taiwanese aboriginals and Polynesians, the mtDNA evidence provided here is also consistent with the suggestion that the proto-Oceanic societies would have been mainly matrilocal. An extensive phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA from nine Taiwanese tribes reveals an unambiguous genetic link between aboriginal Taiwanese and Polynesian populations, to the exclusion of mainland Asians.
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