Anxiety symptoms and children's eye gaze during fear learning.
Anxiety symptoms and children's eye gaze during fear learning.
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儿童恐惧学习过程中的焦虑症状与目光注视。
DOI：
10.1111/jcpp.12749
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发表时间：
2017-11
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Pine, Daniel S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Michalska, Kalina J.;Machlin, Laura;Moroney, Elizabeth;Lowet, Daniel S.;Hettema, John M.;Roberson-Nay, Roxann;Averbeck, Bruno B.;Brotman, Melissa A.;Nelson, Eric E.;Leibenluft, Ellen;Pine, Daniel S.
面部的眼部区域与解码与威胁相关的信号（如恐惧）特别相关。然而，目前还不清楚眼睛的凝视模式是否会受到恐惧学习的影响。以前的研究在成年人的凝视模式发现焦虑和眼睛凝视回避之间的关联，虽然没有研究到目前为止研究焦虑症状和眼睛观看模式之间的关联如何在儿童中表现出来。本研究采用儿童恐惧条件反射任务，考察了学习和特质焦虑对眼睛注视的影响。参与者是来自一般人群样本的双胞胎（9-13岁）的82名青年，表现出一系列焦虑症状。参与者经历了一个恐惧条件反射范式，条件刺激（CS+）是两个中性的面孔，其中一个被随机选择与厌恶的尖叫配对。获得眼动跟踪、生理和主观数据。儿童和父母使用儿童焦虑相关情绪障碍筛查报告了他们孩子的焦虑。条件反射影响眼睛的凝视模式，儿童看起来更长，更频繁的眼睛区域的CS+比CS-脸，这种影响只存在于恐惧收购，而不是在基线或灭绝。此外，与过去在成年人中的工作一致，焦虑症状与眼睛凝视回避相关。最后，眼睛区域的凝视时间介导的焦虑特征对自我报告的恐惧在收购过程中的效果。儿童的焦虑症状与恐惧学习实验中采用的看脸策略有关。这种关系可能会告知试图了解儿科焦虑症状和学习之间的关系。
The eye region of the face is particularly relevant for decoding threat-related signals, such as fear. However, it is unclear if gaze patterns to the eyes can be influenced by fear learning. Previous studies examining gaze patterns in adults find an association between anxiety and eye gaze avoidance, although no studies to date examine how associations between anxiety symptoms and eye-viewing patterns manifest in children. The current study examined the effects of learning and trait anxiety on eye gaze using a face-based fear conditioning task developed for use in children. Participants were 82 youth from a general population sample of twins (aged 9–13 years), exhibiting a range of anxiety symptoms. Participants underwent a fear conditioning paradigm where the conditioned stimuli (CS+) were two neutral faces, one of which was randomly selected to be paired with an aversive scream. Eye tracking, physiological, and subjective data were acquired. Children and parents reported their child’s anxiety using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders. Conditioning influenced eye gaze patterns in that children looked longer and more frequently to the eye region of the CS+ than CS– face; this effect was present only during fear acquisition, not at baseline or extinction. Furthermore, consistent with past work in adults, anxiety symptoms were associated with eye gaze avoidance. Finally, gaze duration to the eye region mediated the effect of anxious traits on self-reported fear during acquisition. Anxiety symptoms in children relate to face-viewing strategies deployed in the context of a fear learning experiment. This relationship may inform attempts to understand the relationship between pediatric anxiety symptoms and learning.
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影响因子：
10.3
作者：
Horley, K;Williams, LM;Gordon, E
通讯作者：
Gordon, E
影响因子：
--
作者：
Guyer, Amanda E.;Lau, Jennifer Y. F.;McClure-Tone, Erin B.;Parrish, Jessica;Shiffrin, Nina D.;Reynolds, Richard C.;Chen, Gang;Blair, R. J. R.;Leibenluft, Ellen;Fox, Nathan A.;Ernst, Monique;Pine, Daniel S.;Nelson, Eric E.
通讯作者：
Nelson, Eric E.
用掩盖的刺激调节会影响皮肤电导反应的时间。
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Balderston NL;Helmstetter FJ
通讯作者：
Helmstetter FJ
影响因子：
6.6
作者：
Kircanski K;Zhang S;Stringaris A;Wiggins JL;Towbin KE;Pine DS;Leibenluft E;Brotman MA
通讯作者：
Brotman MA
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Lipp, OV;Oughton, N;LeLievre, J
通讯作者：
LeLievre, J