Residual cardiovascular risk despite optimal LDL cholesterol reduction with statins: the evidence, etiology, and therapeutic challenges.

Residual cardiovascular risk despite optimal LDL cholesterol reduction with statins: the evidence, etiology, and therapeutic challenges.
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DOI:
10.1007/s11883-011-0219-7
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发表时间:
2012-02
影响因子:
5.8
通讯作者:
Linton, MacRae F.
Linton, MacRae F.
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sampson, Uchechukwu K.;Fazio, Sergio;Linton, MacRae F.

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本文综述了积极降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)后残余心血管风险(CVR)的存在、原因和治疗挑战。科学证据表明,在低密度脂蛋白降低后观察到的CVR中存在低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和高甘油三酯(TG)。然而,用非诺贝特进行的控制糖尿病心血管风险的行动(ACCORD)脂质试验、用torcetRapib进行的血脂水平管理研究以了解其在动脉粥样硬化事件中的影响(LALINATE)研究,以及用烟酸进行的最近终止的低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇/高甘油三酯对代谢综合征的动脉血栓形成干预和对全球健康结局的影响(AIM-HIGH)研究,都没有明确地将风险降低价值归功于高密度脂蛋白胆固醇/甘油三酯的调节。降低CVR的长期调脂疗法的最佳方法仍不确定。因此,通过改变生活方式的绝对风险调节仍然是解决与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇/甘油三酯相关的CVR的生理驱动因素的策略的核心,特别是在糖尿病/代谢综合征的背景下。
This review captures the existence, cause, and treatment challenges of residual cardiovascular risk (CVR) after aggressive low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction. Scientific evidence implicates low high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-C) and high triglycerides (TG) in the CVR observed after LDL-C lowering. However, the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) lipid trial with fenofibrate, the Investigation of Lipid Level Management to Understand its Impact in Atherosclerotic Events (ILLUMINATE) study with torcetrapib, and the recently terminated Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome with Low HDL Cholesterol/High Triglyceride and Impact on Global Health Outcomes (AIM-HIGH) study with niacin, do not clearly attribute risk reduction value to HDL-C/TG modulation. The optimum approach to long-term lipid-modifying therapies for CVR reduction remains uncertain. Consequently, absolute risk modulation via lifestyle changes remains the centerpiece of a strategy addressing the physiological drivers of CVR associated with HDL-C/TG, especially in the context of diabetes/metabolic syndrome.
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