Repeated Cocaine Exposure Attenuates the Desire to Actively Avoid: A Novel Active Avoidance Runway Task.
Repeated Cocaine Exposure Attenuates the Desire to Actively Avoid: A Novel Active Avoidance Runway Task.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00108
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Ito R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nguyen D;Nesarajah Y;Erb S;Ito R
吸毒成瘾是一种尽管有令人厌恶的后果但仍坚持吸毒的疾病。虽然在药物致敏的动物模型中有充分的证据表明，重复接触药物会增强药物和天然强化剂的正向激励动机，但它对负向激励动机（这里定义为避免暗示的厌恶结果的动机）的影响仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。在本研究中，我们设计了一个新的主动回避（AA）跑道范式，以评估重复可卡因暴露的动机，以避免一个令人厌恶的结果的影响。首先训练考马斯亮蓝和盐水预暴露的大鼠进行条件AA杠杆按压反应，以防止发生足部电击给药。随后在跑道装置中测试大鼠，其中要求它们穿过直巷迷宫的长度以到达杠杆并发出条件AA反应。运行时间被测量为负激励动机的指示。考马斯亮蓝预暴露大鼠表现出较长的潜伏期发射条件AA反应，但没有表现出差异的潜伏期启动跑道行为，也没有在他们的收购AA反应相比，盐水预暴露的控制。随后在高架十字迷宫中的测试显示，与盐水预暴露对照组相比，可卡因预暴露大鼠的焦虑表达无差异。我们的研究结果表明，先前重复可卡因暴露减弱线索负激励动机，这表明，药物成瘾可能是由于减少的动机，以避免与药物使用相关的不良后果。
Drug addiction is a disorder in which drug seeking persists despite aversive consequences. While it is well documented in animal models of drug sensitization that repeated drug exposure enhances positive incentive motivation for drug and natural reinforcers, its effect on negative incentive motivation, defined here as the motivation to avoid a cued aversive outcome, remains an open question. In the present study, we designed a novel active avoidance (AA) runway paradigm to assess the effects of repeated cocaine exposure on the motivation to avoid an aversive outcome. Cocaine and saline pre-exposed rats were first trained to perform a conditioned AA lever press response to prevent the occurrence of foot shock administrations. The rats were subsequently tested in a runway apparatus, wherein they were required to traverse the length of a straight alley maze to reach the lever and emit a conditioned AA response. Run times were measured as an indication of negative incentive motivation. Cocaine pre-exposed rats demonstrated longer latencies to emit the conditioned AA response but showed no differences in latency to initiate runway behavior, nor in their acquisition of the AA response compared to the saline pre-exposed controls. Subsequent testing in an elevated plus maze revealed no differences in the expression of anxiety in cocaine pre-exposed rats compared to saline pre-exposed controls. Our results indicate that prior repeated cocaine exposure attenuated cued negative incentive motivation, which suggests that drug addiction may be attributable to a decrease in motivation to avoid aversive consequences associated with drug use.
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影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Hearing M;Kotecki L;Marron Fernandez de Velasco E;Fajardo-Serrano A;Chung HJ;Luján R;Wickman K
通讯作者：
Wickman K
DOI：
10.1038/npp.2010.14
发表时间：
2010-06
期刊：
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
影响因子：
--
作者：
通讯作者：
--
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
ETTENBERG, A;GEIST, TD
通讯作者：
GEIST, TD
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Harmer, CJ;Phillips, GD
通讯作者：
Phillips, GD
影响因子：
2
作者：
Fernando, Anushka B. P.;Urcelay, Gonzalo P.;Robbins, Trevor W.
通讯作者：
Robbins, Trevor W.