The role of epidemiology in informing United States childhood immunization policy and practice.
The role of epidemiology in informing United States childhood immunization policy and practice.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.09.017
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发表时间：
2021-10
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Cordero JF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carter-Pokras O;Hutchins S;Gaudino JA;Veeranki SP;Lurie P;Weiser T;DeMarco M;Khan NF;Cordero JF
十大公共卫生成就之一是儿童疫苗接种，因为它对控制和消除疫苗可预防的疾病(VPD)有影响。循证免疫政策和做法是取得这一成功的原因，并得到流行病学的支持，流行病学为政策和做法提供了科学证据。本报告的目的是强调流行病学在制定免疫政策和成功干预公共卫生做法方面的作用，这些做法产生了可衡量的公共卫生影响：在美国控制和消除VPD。流行病学为免疫政策提供信息的例子是从文献回顾和与过去30年来在这一领域工作的专家的咨询中收集的。提供流行病学实例(例如，含硫柳汞的疫苗以及据称麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹(MMR)疫苗与自闭症之间的关联)，以描述流行病学家已经解决的挑战。最后，我们描述了国家维持高疫苗接种率的能力面临的持续挑战，特别是对疫苗安全性和有效性的担忧，越来越多地使用宗教和哲学信仰豁免接种疫苗，以及疫苗犹豫不决。从过去和现在的经验中吸取教训可能有助于流行病学家预测和应对当前和未来的挑战，以应对新出现的传染病，如新冠肺炎，并在未来几年加强免疫计划对公共卫生的影响。
One of the ten greatest public health achievements is childhood vaccination because of its impact on controlling and eliminating vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). Evidence-based immunization policies and practices are responsible for this success and are supported by epidemiology that has generated scientific evidence for informing policy and practice. The purpose of this report is to highlight the role of epidemiology in the development of immunization policy and successful intervention in public health practice that has resulted in a measurable public health impact: the control and elimination of VPDs in the United States. Examples in which epidemiology informed immunization policy were collected from a literature review and consultation with experts who have been working in this field for the past 30 years. Epidemiologic examples (e.g., thimerosal-containing vaccines and the alleged association between the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism) are presented to describe challenges that epidemiologists have addressed. Finally, we describe ongoing challenges to the nation’s ability to sustain high vaccination coverage, particularly with concerns about vaccine safety and effectiveness, increasing use of religious and philosophical belief exemptions to vaccination, and vaccine hesitancy. Learning from past and current experiences may help epidemiologists anticipate and address current and future challenges to respond to emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, with new vaccines and enhance the public health impact of immunization programs for years to come.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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