An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 with high mortality in mink (Neovison vison) on multiple Utah farms.
An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 with high mortality in mink (Neovison vison) on multiple Utah farms.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009952
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发表时间：
2021-11
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Baszler T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eckstrand CD;Baldwin TJ;Rood KA;Clayton MJ;Lott JK;Wolking RM;Bradway DS;Baszler T
容易感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)并可能作为病毒持续传播宿主的动物宿主的广度尚不完全清楚。2020年8月，犹他州五个水貂养殖场爆发SARS-CoV-2疫情，与水貂高死亡率(成年水貂的35%-55%)和动物之间的快速病毒传播有关。提供了暴发初期病毒在感染水貂体内的前提和临床疾病信息、病理学、分子特征和组织分布。感染在独立饲养的动物和农场之间迅速传播，并导致严重的呼吸道疾病和死亡。疾病指标最显著的是猝死、厌食和呼吸努力增加。大体病理检查显示严重的肺充血和水肿。镜下可见肺水肿伴中度血管炎、血管周围炎和纤维素性间质性肺炎。对尸检采集的组织进行逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)，证实SARS-CoV-2病毒RNA存在于多个器官，包括鼻甲、肺、气管和支气管淋巴结、上皮表面等。通过原位杂交定位病毒RNA显示了一种更局部性的感染，特别是上呼吸道感染。多只水貂的全基因组测序结果与已发表的SARS-CoV-2基因组序列一致，几乎没有多态现象。犹他州水貂SARS-CoV-2毒株落入Clade GH，这在迄今已测序的水貂和其他动物毒株中是独一无二的。虽然共享水貂中常见的N501T突变，但犹他州的菌株并不共享在几乎所有来自美国的水貂中发现的其他尖峰RBD突变Y453F和F486L。本文报告的水貂暴发疫情中，上呼吸道SARS-CoV-2水平较高，与症状性呼吸道疾病和死亡有关。最近新型冠状病毒的出现和传播已导致世界范围内的疾病和经济困难。这种被称为SARS-CoV-2的病毒据信起源于蝙蝠，并通过人与人之间的病毒传播在全球范围内传播。目前尚不清楚，除人类外，哪些动物物种也可能对病毒感染敏感，并可能将病毒自然传播给易受感染的宿主。在这项研究中，我们描述了美国犹他州养殖水貂因感染SARS-CoV-2而暴发疾病和死亡的早期阶段。调查显示，水貂可以在动物之间迅速传播病毒，水貂的疾病与病毒感染和上下呼吸道组织损伤有关。水貂易感染SARS-CoV-2病毒的确定表明，水貂养殖场需要采取严格的生物安全措施，以补救水貂之间和人与水貂之间的传播，以保护水貂，并防止潜在的水貂传播。对于与SARS-CoV-2水貂一起工作的人来说，在了解更多之前，穿上适当的个人防护装备可能是谨慎的。
The breadth of animal hosts that are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and may serve as reservoirs for continued viral transmission are not known entirely. In August 2020, an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 occurred on five mink farms in Utah and was associated with high mink mortality (35–55% of adult mink) and rapid viral transmission between animals. The premise and clinical disease information, pathology, molecular characterization, and tissue distribution of virus within infected mink during the early phase of the outbreak are provided. Infection spread rapidly between independently housed animals and farms, and caused severe respiratory disease and death. Disease indicators were most notably sudden death, anorexia, and increased respiratory effort. Gross pathology examination revealed severe pulmonary congestion and edema. Microscopically there was pulmonary edema with moderate vasculitis, perivasculitis, and fibrinous interstitial pneumonia. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of tissues collected at necropsy demonstrated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in multiple organs including nasal turbinates, lung, tracheobronchial lymph node, epithelial surfaces, and others. Localization of viral RNA by in situ hybridization revealed a more localized infection, particularly of the upper respiratory tract. Whole genome sequencing from multiple mink was consistent with published SARS-CoV-2 genomes with few polymorphisms. The Utah mink SARS-CoV-2 strains fell into Clade GH, which is unique among mink and other animal strains sequenced to date. While sharing the N501T mutation which is common in mink, the Utah strains did not share other spike RBD mutations Y453F and F486L found in nearly all mink from the United States. Mink in the outbreak reported herein had high levels of SARS-CoV-2 in the upper respiratory tract associated with symptomatic respiratory disease and death. The recent emergence and spread of the novel coronavirus has resulted in worldwide disease and economic hardship. The virus, known as SARS-CoV-2 is believed to have originated in bats and has spread worldwide through human-to-human virus transmission. It remains unclear which animal species, other than humans, may also be susceptible to viral infection and could naturally transmit the virus to susceptible hosts. In this study, we describe the early phases of an outbreak of disease and death due to SARS-CoV-2 infection in farmed mink in Utah, United States. The investigation reveals that mink can spread the virus rapidly between animals and that the disease in mink is associated with viral infection and damage to tissues of the upper and lower respiratory system. The determination that mink are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 indicates the need for strict biosecurity measures on mink farms to remediate mink-to-mink and human-to-mink transmission for the protection of mink, as well as prevent potential transmission from mink to humans. It may be prudent for humans working with SARS-CoV-2 mink to wear appropriate PPE until more is understood.
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SARS-COV-2在人类和貂皮之间的貂皮农场上传播，然后回到人类。
DOI：
10.1126/science.abe5901
发表时间：
2021-01-08
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
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作者：
Oude Munnink BB;Sikkema RS;Nieuwenhuijse DF;Molenaar RJ;Munger E;Molenkamp R;van der Spek A;Tolsma P;Rietveld A;Brouwer M;Bouwmeester-Vincken N;Harders F;Hakze-van der Honing R;Wegdam-Blans MCA;Bouwstra RJ;GeurtsvanKessel C;van der Eijk AA;Velkers FC;Smit LAM;Stegeman A;van der Poel WHM;Koopmans MPG
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Koopmans MPG
影响因子：
15.8
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Cao, Bin
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Ackermann, Maximilian;Verleden, Stijn E.;Jonigk, Danny
通讯作者：
Jonigk, Danny
影响因子：
30.3
作者：
Kim, Young-Il;Kim, Seong-Gyu;Choi, Young Ki
通讯作者：
Choi, Young Ki