Individual differences in holistic processing predict the own-race advantage in recognition memory.
Individual differences in holistic processing predict the own-race advantage in recognition memory.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0058253
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Rosenblatt A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Degutis J;Mercado RJ;Wilmer J;Rosenblatt A
与其他种族的面孔相比，个体始终更善于识别本种族的面孔（其他种族效应，ORE）。一个流行的假设是，这种识别记忆ORE是由不同的自己和其他种族的整体处理，部分和面部信息的同时整合成一个连贯的整体。整体加工可能会创建一个更丰富，更详细的记忆表征本种族的面孔相比，其他种族的面孔。尽管有几项研究表明，本族面孔比其他种族的面孔更全面地处理，但研究尚未将整体处理ORE和再认记忆ORE联系起来。在本研究中，我们试图使用一种更有效的方法来分析整体加工中的个体差异，方法是使用回归来从感兴趣的条件（部分-整体任务中的整体试验）中统计地去除控制条件（部分-整体任务中的部分试验）的影响。我们还采用回归分别检查ORE的两个组成部分：自己的种族优势（从自己的种族表现回归其他种族）和其他种族递减（从其他种族表现回归自己的种族）。首先，我们证明了自己的种族面孔比其他种族的面孔，特别是眼睛区域更全面地处理。值得注意的是，使用回归，我们发现了一个显着的关联之间的种族优势，在识别记忆和种族优势，在整体处理，这些协会是较弱的检查时，其他种族递减。我们还证明，在我们所有的任务中，对自己和其他种族面孔的表现是高度相关的，这表明我们发现自己和其他种族面孔之间的差异是定量的，而不是定性的。总之，这表明，本族和其他种族的面孔招募在很大程度上类似的机制，本族面孔更彻底地参与整体处理，这种更大的整体处理参与显着相关的本族优势在识别记忆。
Individuals are consistently better at recognizing own-race faces compared to other-race faces (other-race effect, ORE). One popular hypothesis is that this recognition memory ORE is caused by differential own- and other-race holistic processing, the simultaneous integration of part and configural face information into a coherent whole. Holistic processing may create a more rich, detailed memory representation of own-race faces compared to other-race faces. Despite several studies showing that own-race faces are processed more holistically than other-race faces, studies have yet to link the holistic processing ORE and the recognition memory ORE. In the current study, we sought to use a more valid method of analyzing individual differences in holistic processing by using regression to statistically remove the influence of the control condition (part trials in the part-whole task) from the condition of interest (whole trials in the part-whole task). We also employed regression to separately examine the two components of the ORE: own-race advantage (regressing other-race from own-race performance) and other-race decrement (regressing own-race from other-race performance). First, we demonstrated that own-race faces were processed more holistically than other-race faces, particularly the eye region. Notably, using regression, we showed a significant association between the own-race advantage in recognition memory and the own-race advantage in holistic processing and that these associations were weaker when examining the other-race decrement. We also demonstrated that performance on own- and other-race faces across all of our tasks was highly correlated, suggesting that the differences we found between own- and other-race faces are quantitative rather than qualitative. Together, this suggests that own- and other-race faces recruit largely similar mechanisms, that own-race faces more thoroughly engage holistic processing, and that this greater engagement of holistic processing is significantly associated with the own-race advantage in recognition memory.
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