Inhalation of two Prop 65-listed chemicals within vehicles may be associated with increased cancer risk.
Inhalation of two Prop 65-listed chemicals within vehicles may be associated with increased cancer risk.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2021.106402
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发表时间：
2021-04
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Volz DC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reddam A;Volz DC
加利福尼亚州的65号提案(第65号提案)列出了可能导致癌症、出生缺陷或其他生殖损害的化学品，该清单中的某些化学品经常在车内灰尘和空气中检测到。因此，这项研究调查了在汽车内饰检测到的五种Prop 65列出的化学品的潜在风险：苯、甲醛、邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和三(1，3-二氯-2-丙基)磷酸(TDCIPP)。基于在车辆内停留的时间的暴露估计是从文献中估计的浓度的荟萃分析得出的。然后，使用加州环境健康危险评估办公室(OEHHA)建立的监管水平来生成特定于化学物质的每日剂量的百分比参考剂量(%RFDS)，并确定作为每个特定于化学物质的每日剂量的%RfD的函数的风险概率(超越概率)。基于我们的荟萃分析，车内空气中检出了苯和甲醛，而车内粉尘中检测到了DEHP、DBP和TDCIPP。在所有通勤时间中，苯和甲醛是仅有的两种估计%RfD>；100的化学物质。对于20分钟或更长的通勤时间，%RfD是>；100，基于苯的“最大允许日水平”的最大暴露，以及基于苯和甲醛的“无重大危险水平”的第95百分位数的暴露。此外，与苯相关的癌症风险超过100%RfD的概率最高，其次是与甲醛相关的癌症风险以及与苯相关的生殖和发育毒性风险。最后，在整个加利福尼亚州，与苯或甲醛接触相关的癌症风险超过10%的通勤者的比例分别为78%和63%。总体而言，我们的研究引发了人们对吸入苯和甲醛的潜在风险的担忧，这些人在车里呆的时间很长，这个问题尤其与交通拥堵地区有关，因为那里的人们通勤时间更长。
Chemicals are listed on California’s Proposition 65 (Prop 65) for their potential to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm, and certain chemicals from this list are often detected within interior vehicle dust and air. Therefore, this study examined the potential risk associated with five Prop 65-listed chemicals detected within vehicle interiors: benzene, formaldehyde, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TDCIPP). Exposure estimates based on time spent within a vehicle were derived from a meta-analysis of estimated concentrations from the literature. Regulatory levels established by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) were then used to generate percent reference doses (%RfDs) for chemical-specific daily doses as well as determine the probability of risk (exceedance probability) as a function of %RfD for each chemical-specific daily dose. Based on our meta-analysis, benzene and formaldehyde were detected in vehicle interior air whereas DEHP, DBP and TDCIPP were detected in vehicle interior dust. Benzene and formaldehyde were the only two chemicals with an estimated %RfD > 100 across any of the commute times. For commute times of 20 min or longer, the %RfD was >100 for maximum exposures based on the “maximum allowable daily level” for benzene, and for 95th-percentile exposures based on the “no significant risk level” for benzene and formaldehyde. Furthermore, the probability of exceeding 100% RfD was highest for cancer risks associated with benzene, followed by cancer risks associated with formaldehyde and the risk of reproductive and developmental toxicity associated with benzene. Lastly, within the entire state of California, the percent of commuters with a 10% probability of exceeding cancer risk associated with benzene or formaldehyde exposure was 78% and 63%, respectively. Overall, our study raises concerns about the potential risk associated with inhalation of benzene and formaldehyde for people who spend a significant amount of time in their vehicles, an issue that is especially pertinent to traffic-congested areas where people have longer commutes.
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影响因子：
5
作者：
Fujii, M;Shinohara, N;Yanagisawa, Y
通讯作者：
Yanagisawa, Y
DOI：
10.1080/10473289.1991.10466955
发表时间：
1991-12-01
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
CHAN, CC;SPENGLER, JD;LEFKOPOULOU, M
通讯作者：
LEFKOPOULOU, M
影响因子：
8.8
作者：
Christia, Christina;Poma, Giulia;Covaci, Adrian
通讯作者：
Covaci, Adrian
影响因子：
8.9
作者：
Hadei, Mostafa;Shahsavani, Abbas;Mahmoudi, Babak
通讯作者：
Mahmoudi, Babak
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Brodzik, Krzysztof;Faber, Joanna;Golda-Kopek, Anna
通讯作者：
Golda-Kopek, Anna