Experimental reductions of delay discounting and impulsive choice: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Experimental reductions of delay discounting and impulsive choice: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
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DOI：
10.1037/xge0000462
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发表时间：
2018-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Madden GJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rung JM;Madden GJ
许多对公共健康构成重大风险的行为的特点是，面对眼前的诱惑，反复做出放弃更好的长期结果的决定。对延迟结果的价值进行大幅贴现往往是冲动选择模式的基础。大幅延迟折扣与成瘾(例如，滥用药物、肥胖)和行为相关，如使用安全带和危险的性行为。随着越来越多的证据表明，大幅延迟折扣在这些不适应行为中起到了因果作用，研究人员已经开始测试减少折扣的方法。在这篇文献的第一次系统和全面的回顾中，对92篇使用不同方法减少折扣的文章的结果进行了叙述性和元分析的评估。虽然所审查的大多数方法都大大减少了折扣，但它们的效果大小各不相同。大多数方法是影响一次性选择的理想方法(例如，框定和启动操作)，尽管其他成功的操作，如间歇性的未来思维，可以被纳入现有的治疗方法，旨在产生决策过程中更持久的变化。最大和持续时间最长的效果是通过基于学习的操作产生的；尽管需要进行翻译研究来确定这些方法的普遍性和临床实用性。讨论了现有文献中的方法缺陷和改进这些问题的建议。这篇综述揭示了各种具有翻译潜力的方法，通过不断改进，这些方法可能被证明在减少冲动选择及其相关的对生活质量产生负面影响的不适应决定方面是有效的。
Many behaviors posing significant risks to public health are characterized by repeated decisions to forego better long-term outcomes in the face of immediate temptations. Steeply discounting the value of delayed outcomes often underlies a pattern of impulsive choice. Steep delay discounting is correlated with addictions (e.g., substance abuse, obesity) and behaviors such as seatbelt use and risky sexual activity. As evidence accumulates suggesting steep delay discounting plays a causal role in these maladaptive behaviors, researchers have begun testing methods for reducing discounting. In this first systematic and comprehensive review of this literature, the findings of 92 articles employing different methodologies to reduce discounting are evaluated narratively and meta-analytically. While most of the methods reviewed produced significant reductions in discounting, they varied in effect sizes. Most methods were ideal for influencing one-off choices (e.g., framing and priming manipulations) although other successful manipulations, such as episodic future thinking, could be incorporated into existing therapies designed to produce longer-lasting changes in decision-making. The largest and longest-lasting effects were produced by learning-based manipulations; although, translational research is needed to determine the generality and clinical utility of these methods. Methodological shortcomings in the existing literature and suggestions for ameliorating these issues are discussed. This review reveals a variety of methods with translational potential, which, through continued refinement, may prove effective in reducing impulsive choice and its associated maladaptive decisions that negatively impact quality of life
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