Polysaccharide metabolism regulates structural colour in bacterial colonies.
Polysaccharide metabolism regulates structural colour in bacterial colonies.
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DOI：
10.1098/rsif.2022.0181
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发表时间：
2022-05
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--
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自然界中最明亮的颜色通常来自光与纳米级结构材料的相互作用。不同的生物体用各种各样的材料和结构产生这种颜色。在细菌菌落的情况下，结构颜色源于殖民地内细胞的周期性组织，虽然已经花费了相当大的努力来阐明这种着色的机制，但尚未探索决定这种效应发展的生化过程。在这里，我们研究了营养物质对结构有色细菌黄杆菌属菌株IR1细胞组织的影响。通过分析有和没有特定多糖生长的菌落的光学性质，我们发现，岩藻聚糖的存在可以改变细胞的高度有序的组织。此外，通过比较野生型菌株与在不同营养条件下生长的突变体的组织，我们推断这种细胞排序的调节与IR1染色体的特定区域有关。该区域编码多糖的摄取和代谢机制，包括多糖利用位点（PUL操纵子），该位点似乎对岩藻依聚糖具有特异性，为调节细菌结构颜色的生化途径提供了新的见解。
The brightest colours in nature often originate from the interaction of light with materials structured at the nanoscale. Different organisms produce such coloration with a wide variety of materials and architectures. In the case of bacterial colonies, structural colours stem for the periodic organization of the cells within the colony, and while considerable efforts have been spent on elucidating the mechanisms responsible for such coloration, the biochemical processes determining the development of this effect have not been explored. Here, we study the influence of nutrients on the organization of cells from the structurally coloured bacteria Flavobacterium strain IR1. By analysing the optical properties of the colonies grown with and without specific polysaccharides, we found that the highly ordered organization of the cells can be altered by the presence of fucoidans. Additionally, by comparing the organization of the wild-type strain with mutants grown in different nutrient conditions, we deduced that this regulation of cell ordering is linked to a specific region of the IR1 chromosome. This region encodes a mechanism for the uptake and metabolism of polysaccharides, including a polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL operon) that appears specific to fucoidan, providing new insight into the biochemical pathways regulating structural colour in bacteria.
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