Decreasing ventromedial prefrontal cortex activity during sequential risk-taking: an FMRI investigation of the balloon analog risk task.
Decreasing ventromedial prefrontal cortex activity during sequential risk-taking: an FMRI investigation of the balloon analog risk task.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2012.00080
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Poldrack RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schonberg T;Fox CR;Mumford JA;Congdon E;Trepel C;Poldrack RA
功能成像研究的神经相关的风险主要依赖于范式，涉及暴露于简单的机会赌博和风险的经济定义为方差的概率分布在可能的结果。然而，几乎没有证据表明，在赌博任务中做出的选择可以预测自然主义的冒险行为，如吸毒，极限运动，甚至股票投资。为了更好地理解自然主义冒险行为的神经基础，我们在参与者完成气球模拟风险任务时使用fMRI扫描了他们，气球模拟风险任务是一种实验措施，包括主动决策/选择组件，并且已被发现与许多自然主义冒险行为相关。在这项任务中，就像在许多自然主义的环境中一样，不断升级的冒险行为发生在不确定性的情况下，可能会经历更大的潜在回报的积累，也可能会经历越来越多的可能损失（以及越来越少的期望值）。我们发现，当参与者继续给气球充气时，先前与风险和冒险有关的区域（双侧前额叶皮层、前扣带皮层和右背外侧前额叶皮层）被激活。有趣的是，我们发现腹内侧前额叶皮层（vmPFC）的活动随着参与者进一步扩大气球而减少。鉴于之前的研究结果表明，vmPFC参与了价值计算，这一结果表明，任务中不断升级的风险承担可能被视为暴露于增加的可能损失（和降低的预期价值），而不是相对于试验起点增加的潜在总回报。更好地理解神经活动如何随着任务中的冒险行为而变化，可以深入了解驱动自然主义冒险行为的潜在神经机制。
Functional imaging studies examining the neural correlates of risk have mainly relied on paradigms involving exposure to simple chance gambles and an economic definition of risk as variance in the probability distribution over possible outcomes. However, there is little evidence that choices made during gambling tasks predict naturalistic risk-taking behaviors such as drug use, extreme sports, or even equity investing. To better understand the neural basis of naturalistic risk-taking, we scanned participants using fMRI while they completed the Balloon Analog Risk Task, an experimental measure that includes an active decision/choice component and that has been found to correlate with a number of naturalistic risk-taking behaviors. In the task, as in many naturalistic settings, escalating risk-taking occurs under uncertainty and might be experienced either as the accumulation of greater potential rewards, or as exposure to increasing possible losses (and decreasing expected value). We found that areas previously linked to risk and risk-taking (bilateral anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) were activated as participants continued to inflate balloons. Interestingly, we found that ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activity decreased as participants further expanded balloons. In light of previous findings implicating the vmPFC in value calculation, this result suggests that escalating risk-taking in the task might be perceived as exposure to increasing possible losses (and decreasing expected value) rather than the increasing potential total reward relative to the starting point of the trial. A better understanding of how neural activity changes with risk-taking behavior in the task offers insight into the potential neural mechanisms driving naturalistic risk-taking.
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