From Artefacts to Infrastructures

From Artefacts to Infrastructures
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从文物到基础设施

DOI:
10.1007/s10606-012-9167-1
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Monteiro E
Monteiro E
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Monteiro E

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在他们对CSCW领域方向的初步阐述中,学者们提出了一个不限成员名额的议程。然而,这种对不同背景和方法持开放态度的持续承诺并没有反映在CSCW主要媒体的内容中。这一领域似乎优先考虑特定形式的合作工作。我们发现了许多可以被描述为“地方主义研究”的例子,局限于特定的背景和时间框架。当人们考虑到当今组织内部和组织之间越来越多的大规模、集成和相互关联的工作场所信息技术--或我们所称的信息基础设施--时,这种对“此时此刻”的关注尤其有问题。CSCW似乎无法(或不愿意)处理这些技术--最初设想这些技术属于该领域的范围。我们的文件希望通过对“设计”的角色和性质的重新概念化,促进CSCW对信息基础设施的更多关注。从信息基础设施的角度来看,设计需要适应非本地约束。我们讨论了两种这样的约束形式:标准化(局部匹配如何导致在其他位置不匹配)和嵌入性(一种技术与其他明显无关的技术的纠缠)。我们通过介绍案例材料来说明这些主题,这些材料取自以前的一些研究。
In their initial articulation of the direction of the CSCW field, scholars advanced an open-ended agenda. This continuing commitment to open-ness to different contexts and approaches is not, however, reflected in the contents of the major CSCW outlets. The field appears to privilege particular forms of cooperative work. We find many examples of what could be described as ‘localist studies’, restricted to particular settings and timeframes. This focus on the ‘here and now’ is particularly problematic when one considers the kinds of large-scale, integrated and interconnected workplace information technologies—or what we are calling Information Infrastructures—increasingly found within and across organisations today. CSCW appears unable (or unwilling) to grapple with these technologies—which were at the outset envisaged as falling within the scope of the field. Our paper hopes to facilitate greater CSCW attention to Information Infrastructures through offering a re-conceptualisation of the role and nature of ‘design’. Design within an Information Infrastructures perspective needs to accommodate non-local constraints. We discuss two such forms of constraint: standardisation (how local fitting entails unfitting at other sites) and embeddedness (the entanglement of one technology with other apparently unrelated ones). We illustrate these themes through introducing case material drawn on from a number of previous studies.
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