Structural and functional neuroimaging of the effects of the gut microbiome.

Structural and functional neuroimaging of the effects of the gut microbiome.
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DOI:
10.1007/s00330-021-08486-5
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发表时间:
2022-06
期刊:
影响因子:
5.9
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
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肠道微生物群与中枢神经系统之间的相互作用深刻地影响着大脑的结构和功能。在过去的15年里,大量的研究已经揭示了肠道微生物失调与神经系统疾病、神经退行性疾病和精神疾病之间的重要联系;然而,我们对肠道微生物群对大脑微观结构和功能的定量神经成像测量的影响的理解仍然有限。目前许多肠道微生物组研究特别关注于发现特定微生物与神经系统疾病之间的相关性,尽管这很重要,但仍未解决关键的机制问题。为了解决这一知识上的重大差距,定量结构和功能脑成像已经成为理解肠道微生物群如何影响大脑的重要桥梁和下一步。在这篇综述中,我们研究了当前的艺术状态,提高了对这一重要主题的认识,并旨在突出这一新兴研究领域的影像学社区在研究和临床影像学方面的巨大新机遇。我们的综述还强调了无菌和非生菌模型的临床前成像潜力,以显著推进我们对肠道微生物组改变神经微观结构和功能的因果机制的理解。
Interactions between intestinal microbiota and the central nervous system profoundly influence brain structure and function. Over the past 15 years, intense research efforts have uncovered the significant association between gut microbial dysbiosis and neurologic, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders; however, our understanding of the effect of gut microbiota on quantitative neuroimaging measures of brain microstructure and function remains limited. Many current gut microbiome studies specifically focus on discovering correlations between specific microbes and neurologic disease states that, while important, leave critical mechanistic questions unanswered. To address this significant gap in knowledge, quantitative structural and functional brain imaging has emerged as a vital bridge and as the next step in understanding how the gut microbiome influences the brain. In this review, we examine the current state-of-the art, raise awareness of this important topic, and aim to highlight immense new opportunities – in both research and clinical imaging – for the imaging community in this emerging field of study. Our review also highlights the potential for preclinical imaging of germ-free and gnotobiotic models to significantly advance our understanding of the causal mechanisms by which the gut microbiome alters neural microstructure and function.
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