Chitin and Its Effects on Inflammatory and Immune Responses.
Chitin and Its Effects on Inflammatory and Immune Responses.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s12016-017-8600-0
复制
发表时间：
2018-04
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Dela Cruz CS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elieh Ali Komi D;Sharma L;Dela Cruz CS
几丁质是一种由n-乙酰氨基葡萄糖残基通过β-(1,4)-糖苷键连接而成的线性聚合物，是一种潜在的促过敏病原体相关分子模式（PAMP）。哺乳动物是含几丁质原生动物、真菌、节肢动物和线虫的潜在宿主；然而，哺乳动物本身不合成几丁质，因此它被认为是哺乳动物免疫系统识别的潜在靶标。几丁质主要在肺部或肠道中被感知，在那里它激活多种先天（嗜酸性粒细胞，巨噬细胞）和适应性免疫细胞（表达T辅助型2淋巴细胞的IL-4/IL-13）。几丁质诱导细胞因子的产生、白细胞的募集和巨噬细胞的活化。鼻内或腹腔内给药几丁质（大小、乙酰化程度和纯度不同）已被用于研究几丁质对先天免疫和适应性免疫的启动作用。存在于微生物中的结构性几丁质被宿主真几丁质酶（包括酸性哺乳动物几丁质酶和壳三酸苷酶）积极地降解成更小的片段，可以被哺乳动物受体如FIBCD1、nrr - p1和regiic感知。几丁质的免疫识别还涉及模式识别受体，主要通过TLR-2和Dectin-1激活免疫细胞，诱导细胞因子的产生和免疫网络的创建，导致炎症和过敏反应。本文将从几丁质与宿主免疫系统相互作用的免疫学方面进行综述，包括几丁质感知、与免疫细胞的相互作用、几丁质酶作为几丁质降解酶以及几丁质在免疫方面的应用。
Chitin, a potential allergy-promoting pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), is a linear polymer composed of N-acetylglucosamine residues which are linked by β-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds. Mammalians are potential hosts for chitin-containing protozoa, fungi, arthropods, and nematodes; however, mammalians themselves do not synthetize chitin and thus it is considered as a potential target for recognition by mammalian immune system. Chitin is sensed primarily in the lungs or gut where it activates a variety of innate (eosinophils, macrophages) and adaptive immune cells (IL-4/IL-13 expressing T helper type-2 lymphocytes). Chitin induces cytokine production, leukocyte recruitment, and alternative macrophage activation. Intranasal or intraperitoneal administration of chitin (varying in size, degree of acetylation and purity) to mice has been applied as a routine approach to investigate chitin’s priming effects on innate and adaptive immunity. Structural chitin present in microorganisms is actively degraded by host true chitinases, including acidic mammalian chitinases and chitotriosidase into smaller fragments that can be sensed by mammalian receptors such as FIBCD1, NKR-P1, and RegIIIc. Immune recognition of chitin also involves pattern recognition receptors, mainly via TLR-2 and Dectin-1, to activate immune cells to induce cytokine production and creation of an immune network that results in inflammatory and allergic responses. In this review, we will focus on various immunological aspects of the interaction between chitin and host immune system such as sensing, interactions with immune cells, chitinases as chitin degrading enzymes, and immunologic applications of chitin.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Da Silva, Carla A.;Chalouni, Cecile;Elias, Jack A.
通讯作者：
Elias, Jack A.
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Badwan AA;Rashid I;Omari MM;Darras FH
通讯作者：
Darras FH
DOI：
10.1164/rccm.200912-1877oc
发表时间：
2010-12-15
影响因子：
24.7
作者：
Da Silva, Carla A.;Pochard, Pierre;Elias, Jack A.
通讯作者：
Elias, Jack A.
影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Bueter CL;Specht CA;Levitz SM
通讯作者：
Levitz SM
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Beckerman, Andrew P.;de Roij, Job;Dennis, Stuart R.;Little, Tom J.
通讯作者：
Little, Tom J.