Central plasticity and dysfunction elicited by aural deprivation in the critical period.
Central plasticity and dysfunction elicited by aural deprivation in the critical period.
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关键期听觉剥夺引起的中枢可塑性和功能障碍
DOI：
10.3389/fncir.2015.00026
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Yuan W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen Z;Yuan W
声信号对于动物从周围环境中获取信息至关重要。像其他感觉模态一样，中枢听觉系统经历适应性变化（即，可塑性）在发育阶段以及生命的其他阶段。由于听觉中枢的可塑性，它可能易受各种因素的影响，如医疗干预、环境声信号的变化和周围听觉器官的损伤。在听觉中枢易受异常体验影响的关键时期。特别是在出生后的早期发育阶段，听觉输入对于听觉中枢的功能成熟是必不可少的。听觉剥夺模型是研究听觉中枢可塑性变化的理想模型，它可以通过减弱或阻断听觉中枢的外周声传入来实现。一般来说，听觉可塑性包括结构和功能的变化，其中一些可能是不可逆的。听觉剥夺可使初级听觉皮层或听觉系统的较低水平的音调分布图失真，破坏双耳整合，重组神经网络并改变突触传递。特定基因表达的调控和信号通路的改变可能是这些可塑性变化的深层分子机制。通过对该模型的研究，研究人员可以探索听力损失的发病机制，揭示听觉皮层的可塑性变化，促进重度听力损失患者的治疗进展。本文总结了听觉剥夺动物听觉中枢的发育特点，讨论了听力损失患者中枢听觉重构的变化，旨在强调早期设计良好的听觉训练计划对听力康复的重要性。
The acoustic signal is crucial for animals to obtain information from the surrounding environment. Like other sensory modalities, the central auditory system undergoes adaptive changes (i.e., plasticity) during the developmental stage as well as other stages of life. Owing to its plasticity, auditory centers may be susceptible to various factors, such as medical intervention, variation in ambient acoustic signals and lesion of the peripheral hearing organ. There are critical periods during which auditory centers are vulnerable to abnormal experiences. Particularly in the early postnatal development period, aural inputs are essential for functional maturity of auditory centers. An aural deprivation model, which can be achieved by attenuating or blocking the peripheral acoustic afferent input to the auditory center, is ideal for investigating plastic changes of auditory centers. Generally, auditory plasticity includes structural and functional changes, some of which can be irreversible. Aural deprivation can distort tonotopic maps, disrupt the binaural integration, reorganize the neural network and change the synaptic transmission in the primary auditory cortex or at lower levels of the auditory system. The regulation of specific gene expression and the modified signal pathway may be the deep molecular mechanism of these plastic changes. By studying this model, researchers may explore the pathogenesis of hearing loss and reveal plastic changes of the auditory cortex, facilitating the therapeutic advancement in patients with severe hearing loss. After summarizing developmental features of auditory centers in auditory deprived animals and discussing changes of central auditory remodeling in hearing loss patients, we aim at stressing the significant of an early and well-designed auditory training program for the hearing rehabilitation.
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