Crowd behaviour during high-stress evacuations in an immersive virtual environment.
Crowd behaviour during high-stress evacuations in an immersive virtual environment.
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DOI：
10.1098/rsif.2016.0414
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发表时间：
2016-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hölscher C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moussaïd M;Kapadia M;Thrash T;Sumner RW;Gross M;Helbing D;Hölscher C
在紧张的紧急情况下，了解人群流动的集体动态对于降低致命人群灾难的风险至关重要。然而，由于伦理和方法的限制，他们的系统实验研究仍然是一个具有挑战性的开放问题。在本文中，我们论证了共享三维虚拟环境作为与真人进行人群实验的实验平台的可行性。特别是，我们展示了在身临其境的三维虚拟环境中移动和交互的真实人类主体的人群显示出真实人群的典型模式，就像在现实生活中观察到的拥挤情况一样。这些包括社会习俗的表现和在出口情景中出现的自组织模式。在这个虚拟环境中进行的高压力疏散实验揭示了在人群灾难中发生的以大规模羊群和危险的过度拥挤为特征的运动。我们描述了在这种极端条件下发挥作用的行为机制，并确定了可能发生过度拥挤的关键区域。此外，我们表明，羊群自发地出现在密度效应中，而不需要假设个体模仿同龄人的倾向增加。我们的实验表明，身临其境的虚拟环境有望成为一个道德、成本效益高、但又准确的平台，用于探索具有真实人类主体的高风险情景中的人群行为。
Understanding the collective dynamics of crowd movements during stressful emergency situations is central to reducing the risk of deadly crowd disasters. Yet, their systematic experimental study remains a challenging open problem due to ethical and methodological constraints. In this paper, we demonstrate the viability of shared three-dimensional virtual environments as an experimental platform for conducting crowd experiments with real people. In particular, we show that crowds of real human subjects moving and interacting in an immersive three-dimensional virtual environment exhibit typical patterns of real crowds as observed in real-life crowded situations. These include the manifestation of social conventions and the emergence of self-organized patterns during egress scenarios. High-stress evacuation experiments conducted in this virtual environment reveal movements characterized by mass herding and dangerous overcrowding as they occur in crowd disasters. We describe the behavioural mechanisms at play under such extreme conditions and identify critical zones where overcrowding may occur. Furthermore, we show that herding spontaneously emerges from a density effect without the need to assume an increase of the individual tendency to imitate peers. Our experiments reveal the promise of immersive virtual environments as an ethical, cost-efficient, yet accurate platform for exploring crowd behaviour in high-risk situations with real human subjects.
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影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Faria, Jolyon J.;Krause, Stefan;Krause, Jens
通讯作者：
Krause, Jens
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1421883112
发表时间：
2015-05-05
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Moussaid, Mehdi;Brighton, Henry;Gaissmaier, Wolfgang
通讯作者：
Gaissmaier, Wolfgang
DOI：
10.1126/science.1167742
发表时间：
2009-02-06
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Lazer D;Pentland A;Adamic L;Aral S;Barabasi AL;Brewer D;Christakis N;Contractor N;Fowler J;Gutmann M;Jebara T;King G;Macy M;Roy D;Van Alstyne M
通讯作者：
Van Alstyne M
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1110069108
发表时间：
2012-01-17
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Mason, Winter;Watts, Duncan J.
通讯作者：
Watts, Duncan J.
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Hoogendoorn, SP;Daamen, W
通讯作者：
Daamen, W