Typical visual search performance and atypical gaze behaviors in response to faces in Williams syndrome.
Typical visual search performance and atypical gaze behaviors in response to faces in Williams syndrome.
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DOI：
10.1186/s11689-016-9172-7
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Nakamura M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hirai M;Muramatsu Y;Mizuno S;Kurahashi N;Kurahashi H;Nakamura M
有证据表明，患有威廉姆斯综合征（WS）的个体在观察面孔时表现出非典型的注意特征。然而，面部捕捉的视觉注意力的动态仍然不清楚，特别是当存在外显注意力时。为了澄清这一点，我们引入了一个视觉搜索范式，并评估了如何相对强度的视觉注意力捕捉到的脸和外显注意力控制的变化，随着搜索的进展。参与者（WS和控制）搜索一个目标（蝴蝶）内的一系列干扰，其中有时包含一个直立的脸。我们分析了第一次注视的反应时间和位置，这反映了初始阶段的注意特征，以及注视持续时间。这些特征代表了视觉搜索后期阶段的注意力。面部和外显注意力控制（对蝴蝶）捕获的视觉注意力的强度，其特征在于面部或蝴蝶上的第一个固定的频率和面部或蝴蝶固定的持续时间。虽然反应时间较长，在所有组的面孔时，存在，视觉注意力并不占主导地位的面孔在任何组在搜索的初始阶段，当面孔存在，注意到面孔占主导地位的WS组在后期的搜索阶段。此外，对于WS组，反应时间与眼动措施在不同阶段的搜索，使较长的反应时间与较长的面部固定，特别是在搜索的初始阶段。此外，较长的反应时间与较长的面部固定在搜索的后期阶段，而较短的反应时间与较长的蝴蝶固定。在搜索的初始阶段，没有观察到WS患者的面部所捕获的注意力的相对强度，但随着搜索的进行而变得占主导地位。此外，虽然行为反应与眼动的某些方面相关，但它们在检测WS患者的非典型注意力特征时不如眼动测量本身敏感。
Evidence indicates that individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) exhibit atypical attentional characteristics when viewing faces. However, the dynamics of visual attention captured by faces remain unclear, especially when explicit attentional forces are present. To clarify this, we introduced a visual search paradigm and assessed how the relative strength of visual attention captured by a face and explicit attentional control changes as search progresses. Participants (WS and controls) searched for a target (butterfly) within an array of distractors, which sometimes contained an upright face. We analyzed reaction time and location of the first fixation—which reflect the attentional profile at the initial stage—and fixation durations. These features represent aspects of attention at later stages of visual search. The strength of visual attention captured by faces and explicit attentional control (toward the butterfly) was characterized by the frequency of first fixations on a face or butterfly and on the duration of face or butterfly fixations. Although reaction time was longer in all groups when faces were present, and visual attention was not dominated by faces in any group during the initial stages of the search, when faces were present, attention to faces dominated in the WS group during the later search stages. Furthermore, for the WS group, reaction time correlated with eye-movement measures at different stages of searching such that longer reaction times were associated with longer face-fixations, specifically at the initial stage of searching. Moreover, longer reaction times were associated with longer face-fixations at the later stages of searching, while shorter reaction times were associated with longer butterfly fixations. The relative strength of attention captured by faces in people with WS is not observed at the initial stage of searching but becomes dominant as the search progresses. Furthermore, although behavioral responses are associated with some aspects of eye movements, they are not as sensitive as eye-movement measurements themselves at detecting atypical attentional characteristics in people with WS.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Meda SA;Pryweller JR;Thornton-Wells TA
通讯作者：
Thornton-Wells TA
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作者：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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