Are Internal, Death-Promoting Mechanisms Ever Adaptive?
Are Internal, Death-Promoting Mechanisms Ever Adaptive?
复制标题
内部的、促进死亡的机制是否具有适应性？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Pierre M. Durand
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Pepper;D. E. Shelton;A. Rashidi;Pierre M. Durand
自然选择主要作用于生物体，而导致生物体死亡的进化的、活跃的内部机制的存在似乎是矛盾的。然而，有大量证据表明，内部死亡促进机制存在，并在分类学上广泛存在。这些被认为是“程序性有机体死亡”（POD），他们需要进化的解释。任何这样的解释都必须借鉴我们对适应性权衡和进化中多层次选择的理解。这篇综述包括两个主要类别的推定POD：衰老在多细胞生物，和程序性细胞死亡在单细胞生物。POD作为一种遗传控制的表型的证据是强有力的单胎和重要的，但更有争议的，为iteroparous植物和动物。在多细胞生物体中，程序经常（尽管不总是）似乎是适应性权衡的结果。在这里，死亡表型本身不是适应性的，但与适应性相关的程序很可能是适应性的。然而，在某些行为自杀的情况下，特别是在昆虫中，亲属和群体层面的利益可能发挥作用。在单细胞中，程序性死亡是普遍存在的，POD通常为其他细胞提供益处。虽然益处并不等同于适应，但它们是一致的。在这里，死亡可能是适应性的，而不是单个细胞。在单细胞POD的其他情况下，表型（如自噬）可以解释为多效性。POD作为一种自然现象的整体图景仍在浮现，需要继续研究各种证据，以完成我们对这一明显悖论的进化理解。虽然还存在一些问题，但我们得出结论，POD最有可能，至少在某些情况下，适应性。
Natural selection acts primarily on organisms, and the existence of evolved, active, internal mechanisms that cause organismal death would seem paradoxical. However, there is substantial evidence that internal death promoting mechanisms exist and are taxonomically widespread. Where these are argued to be ‘programmed organismal death’ (POD), they require evolutionary explanations. Any such explanation must draw on our understanding of fitness trade-offs and multiple levels of selection in evolution. This review includes two main categories of putative POD: senescence in multicellular-organisms, and programmed cell death in unicellular organisms. The evidence for POD as a genetically controlled phenotype is strong for semelparous and significant but more controversial for iteroparous plants and animals. In multicellular organisms the program frequently (although not always) appears to be the result of fitness trade-offs. Here the death phenotype itself is not adaptive but the fitness related program most likely is. However, in some cases of behavioral suicide, particularly in insects, there are distinct advantages to kin and group level benefits may play a role. In unicells, programmed death is ubiquitous and POD often provides benefits to others. While benefits do not equate with adaptations, they are consistent with it. Here, death may be adaptive at a level other than the individual cell. In other instances of POD in unicells the phenotype (eg autophagy) can be explained as pleiotropy. The overall picture of POD as a natural phenomenon is still emerging, and continued work on diverse lines of evidence is necessary to complete our evolutionary understanding of this apparent paradox. While some questions remain, we conclude that POD is most likely, in some circumstances at least, adaptive.
影响因子：
1.2
作者：
R. Young
通讯作者：
R. Young
丹麦双胞胎的健康相关表型和寿命。
DOI：
10.1093/gerona/gln051
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kulminski,AlexanderM;Arbeev,KonstantinG;Culminskaya,IrinaV;Ukraintseva,SvetlanaV;Christensen,Kaare;Yashin,AnatoliI
通讯作者：
Yashin,AnatoliI
Age-1 和 daf-2 基因在控制秀丽隐杆线虫寿命的共同途径中发挥作用。
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Dorman,JB;Albinder,B;Shroyer,T;Kenyon,C
通讯作者：
Kenyon,C