What it means to be alive: a synthetic cell perspective

What it means to be alive: a synthetic cell perspective
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DOI:
10.1098/rsfs.2023.0036
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发表时间:
2023-08-11
期刊:
影响因子:
4.4
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学2区
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--
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自下而上的合成生物学的进展提供了一个令人兴奋的前景,尽管存在争议,但它将生物科学研究人员从生命的被动观察者转变为生命的潜在创造者。这些合理设计的微系统表现出涌现的属性和生命般的功能。因此,它们可以作为简化的细胞模型来破译生命规则,并作为可编程的生物动力微机器,更广泛地应用于医疗保健和生物技术。虽然人们一致认为目前的合成细胞还没有“活”,但定义“活性”的问题越来越重要。探索这一概念需要采取多学科的方法,来自物理、生命、工程和社会科学各个领域的科学家参与社区一级的讨论,同时接受一套定义生命系统的标准。实现一个被广泛接受的“活”的定义代表了合成细胞努力的一个可能的面向任务的终点,将社区团结在一个共同的目标上。随着该领域的发展,研究人员必须解决监管、伦理、社会和公众认知方面的问题,同时促进合作,利用合成细胞的变革潜力。
Advances in bottom-up synthetic biology offer the exciting—albeit contentious—prospect of transitioning bio-science researchers from passive observers of life to potential creators of it. Synthetic cells closely emulate the attributes of their biological counterparts. These rationally designed microsystems exhibit emergent properties and life-like functionalities. They can therefore be used as simplified cell models to decipher the rules of life, and as programmable biologically powered micromachines for application in healthcare and biotechnology more broadly. While there is a consensus that current synthetic cells are not yet ‘living’, the question of what defines ‘aliveness’ is gaining increasing relevance. Exploring this concept necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, where scientists from across domains in the physical, life, engineering and social sciences participate in community-level discussions, together with the acceptance of a set of criteria which defines a living system. Achieving a widely accepted definition of ‘living’ represents a possible mission-oriented endpoint to the synthetic cell endeavour, uniting the community towards a common goal. As the field evolves, researchers must address regulatory, ethical, societal and public perception implications, while fostering collaborative efforts to harness the transformative potential of synthetic cells.
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