Synthetic Cells: From Simple Bio-Inspired Modules to Sophisticated Integrated Systems.
Synthetic Cells: From Simple Bio-Inspired Modules to Sophisticated Integrated Systems.
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合成细胞：从受生物启发的简单模块到复杂的集成系统
DOI：
10.1002/anie.202110855
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发表时间：
2022-04-11
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Landfester, Katharina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guindani, Camila;da Silva, Lucas Caire;Cao, Shoupeng;Ivanov, Tsvetomir;Landfester, Katharina
自下而上的合成生物学是从零开始构建模拟活细胞结构和功能的系统的科学。为此，研究人员结合化学、材料科学和生物化学的工具来开发功能性和结构性的构建模块，以构建类合成细胞系统。近几十年来开发的众多策略和材料使科学家能够设计出模拟天然细胞基本功能和行为的合成细胞和细胞器。例如，有些合成细胞能够利用光能合成自身的三磷酸腺苷（ATP），通过酶网络维持代谢反应，进行基因复制，甚至能够生长和分裂。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了使用自下而上方法在合成细胞和细胞器的设计与构建方面的最新进展。我们的目标是展示日益复杂的具有代表性的合成细胞以及解决自下而上合成生物学中不同挑战的策略。
这篇综述强调了从零开始构建合成细胞和细胞器所使用的策略。这些模拟天然细胞结构和功能的类细胞材料代表了下一代受生物启发的智能系统。讨论从描述基本功能和组件（如能量供应和区室化）开始，并逐渐深入到复杂程度不断增加的系统。
Bottom‐up synthetic biology is the science of building systems that mimic the structure and function of living cells from scratch. To do this, researchers combine tools from chemistry, materials science, and biochemistry to develop functional and structural building blocks to construct synthetic cell‐like systems. The many strategies and materials that have been developed in recent decades have enabled scientists to engineer synthetic cells and organelles that mimic the essential functions and behaviors of natural cells. Examples include synthetic cells that can synthesize their own ATP using light, maintain metabolic reactions through enzymatic networks, perform gene replication, and even grow and divide. In this Review, we discuss recent developments in the design and construction of synthetic cells and organelles using the bottom‐up approach. Our goal is to present representative synthetic cells of increasing complexity as well as strategies for solving distinct challenges in bottom‐up synthetic biology. This Review highlights strategies used to build synthetic cells and organelles from scratch. These cell‐like materials, which mimic the structure and function of natural cells, represent the next generation of biologically inspired smart systems. The discussion begins by describing basic functions and components, such as energy supply and compartmentalization, and evolves into systems with an increasing degree of sophistication.
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